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theologico-political treatise p1(舞僥嚥屓嵶廨籾冩梢1)-及4何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��


inferior to prophetic�察�unless indeed we believe�察�or rather dream�察�that the 

prophets had human bodies but superhuman minds�察�and therefore that their 

sensations and consciousness were entirely different from our own。 

     ��8�� But�察�although ordinary knowledge is Divine�察�its professors cannot 

be called prophets   ��Endnote 2�В察 �for  they teach   what the  rest   of  mankind 

could   perceive   and   apprehend�察 �not   merely  by  simple   faith�察�but   as   surely 



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and honourably as themselves。 

     ��9��   Seeing    then   that   our   mind    subjectively    contains    in   itself  and 

partakes   of   the   nature   of   God�察  �and   solely   from   this   cause   is   enabled   to 

form   notions   explaining   natural   phenomena   and   inculcating   morality�察  �it 

follows that we may rightly assert the nature of the human mind ��in so far 

as it is thus conceived�� to be a primary cause of Divine revelation。 ��10�� All 

that we clearly and distinctly understand is dictated to us�察�as I have just 

pointed out�察�by the idea and nature of God�察�not indeed through words�察�but 

in a way far more excellent and agreeing perfectly with the nature of the 

mind�察�as all who have enjoyed intellectual certainty will doubtless attest。 

��11��    Here�察  �however�察    �my    chief   purpose    is  to  speak    of  matters   having 

reference   to   Scripture�察  �so   these   few   words   on   the   light   of   reason   will 

suffice。 

     ��12��  I  will   now  pass   on  to�察  �and treat   more  fully�察 �the  other  ways   and 

means   by  which   God   makes   revelations to   mankind�察  �both   of   that   which 

transcends ordinary knowledge�察�and of that within its scope�察�for there is no 

reason why God should not employ other means to communicate what we 

know already by the power of reason。 

     ��13��    Our   conclusions      on   the  subject    must    be  drawn     solely   from 

Scripture�察     �for  what     can   we    affirm    about    matters    transcending      our 

knowledge except what is told us by the words or writings of prophets�拭�

��14�� And since there are�察�so far as I know�察�no prophets now alive�察�we have 

no alternative but to read the books of prophets departed�察�taking care the 

while not to reason from metaphor or to ascribe anything to our authors 

which they do not themselves distinctly state。 ��15�� I must further premise 

that   the   Jews    never    make    any   mention     or   account    of  secondary�察    �or 

particular causes�察�but in a spirit of religion�察�piety�察�and what is commonly 

called godliness�察�refer all things directly to the Deity。 ��16�� For instance if 

they make money by a transaction�察�they say God gave it to them�察�if they 

desire anything�察�they say God has disposed their hearts towards it�察�if they 

think anything�察�they say God told them。 ��17�� Hence we must not suppose 

that everything is prophecy or revelation which is described in Scripture as 

told by God to anyone�察�but only such things as are expressly announced as 

prophecy or revelation�察�or are plainly pointed to as such by the context。 



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     ��18��    A   perusal    of  the   sacred   books     will  show     us  that   all  God's 

revelations to the prophets were made through words or appearances�察�or a 

combination of the   two。 ��19�� These   words and appearances   were of   two 

kinds�察�1。´ real when external to the mind of the prophet who heard or saw 

them�察  �2。´   imaginary   when   the   imagination   of   the   prophet   was   in   a   state 

which led him distinctly to suppose that he heard or saw them。 

     ��20��   With   a   real   voice   God   revealed   to   Moses   the   laws   which   He 

wished   to   be   transmitted   to   the   Hebrews�察  �as   we   may   see   from   Exodus 

xxv��22�察  �where   God   says�察   �And   there   I   will   meet   with   thee   and   I   will 

commune with thee from the mercy seat which is between the Cherubim。; 

��21��   Some   sort   of   real   voice   must   necessarily   have   been   employed�察  �for 

Moses found God ready to commune with him at any time。 This�察�as I shall 

shortly show�察�is the only instance of a real voice。 

     ��22�� We might�察�perhaps�察�suppose that the voice with which God called 

Samuel was real�察�for in 1 Sam。 iii��21�察�we read�察 �And the Lord appeared 

again in Shiloh�察�for the Lord revealed Himself to Samuel in Shiloh by the 

word of the Lord�察─�implying that the appearance of the Lord consisted in 

His   making   Himself   known   to   Samuel   through   a   voice�察  �in   other   words�察�

that   Samuel     heard    the   Lord   speaking。     ��23��   But   we   are   compelled     to 

distinguish between the prophecies of Moses and those of other prophets�察�

and   therefore   must   decide   that   this   voice   was   imaginary�察  �a   conclusion 

further   supported   by   the   voice's   resemblance   to   the   voice   of   Eli�察  �which 

Samuel was   in the habit of   hearing�察  �and therefore   might   easily  imagine�察�

when thrice called by the Lord�察�Samuel supposed it to have been Eli。 

     ��24�� The voice which Abimelech heard was imaginary�察�for it is written�察�

Gen。 xx��6�察 �And God said unto him in a dream。; ��25�� So that the will of 

God was manifest to him�察�not in waking�察�but only�察�in sleep�察�that is�察�when 

the   imagination   is   most   active   and   uncontrolled。   ��26��   Some   of   the   Jews 

believe that the actual words of the Decalogue were not spoken by God�察�

but that the Israelites heard a noise only�察�without any distinct words�察�and 

during     its  continuance      apprehended      the   Ten   Commandments          by   pure 

intuition�察�to this opinion I myself once inclined�察�seeing that the words of 

the Decalogue in Exodus are different from the words of the Decalogue in 

Deuteronomy�察�for the discrepancy seemed to imply ��since God only spoke 



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once�� that the Ten Commandments were not intended to convey the actual 

words of the Lord�察�but only His meaning。 ��27�� However�察�unless we would 

do violence to Scripture�察�we must certainly admit that the Israelites heard a 

real voice�察�for Scripture expressly says�察 �Deut。 v��4�察─�God spake with   you 

face   to   face�察─  �i。e。   as   two   men   ordinarily   interchange   ideas   through   the 

instrumentality of their two bodies�察�and therefore it seems more consonant 

with Holy Writ to suppose that God really did create a voice of some kind 

with which the Decalogue was revealed。 ��28�� The discrepancy of the two 

versions is treated of in Chap。 VIII。 

     ��29�� Yet not even thus is all difficulty removed�察�for it seems scarcely 

reasonable to affirm that a created thing�察�depending on God in the same 

manner  as   other   created   things�察  �would   be   able   to   express   or   explain   the 

nature of God either verbally or really by means of its individual organism�此�

for instance�察�by declaring in the first person�察 �I am the Lord your God。; 

     ��30�� Certainly when anyone says with his mouth�察 �I understand�察─�we 

do   not   attribute   the   understanding   to   the   mouth�察  �but   to   the   mind   of   the 

speaker�察  �yet   this   is   because   the   mouth   is   the   natural   organ   of   a   man 

speaking�察      �and    the    hearer�察   �knowing      what     understanding        is�察 �easily 

comprehends�察  �by   a   comparison   with   himself�察  �that   the   speaker's   mind   is 

meant�察�but if we knew nothing of God beyond the mere name and wished 

to commune with Him�察�and be assured of His existence�察�I fail to see how 

our    wish     would     be   satisfied   by    the   declaration     of  a   created    thing 

��depending on God neither more nor less than ourselves���察 �I am the Lord。; 

��31�� If God contorted the lips of Moses�察�or�察�I will not say Moses�察�but some 

beast�察   �till  they   pronounced       the   words�察    �I   am   the   Lord�察─    �should    we 

apprehend the Lord's existence therefrom�拭�

     ��32��   Scripture   seems   clearly   to   point   to   the   belief   that   God   spoke 

Himself�察�having descended from heaven to Mount Sinai for the purpose ´ 

and   not   only   that   the   Israelites   heard   Him   speaking�察  �but   that   their   chief 

men beheld Him ��Ex��xxiv。�� ��33�� Further the law of Moses�察�which might 

neither   be   added   to   nor   curtailed�察  �and   which   was   set   up   as   a   national 

standard of right�察�nowhere prescribed the belief that God is without body�察�

or   even   without   form   or   figure�察  �but   only   ordained   that   the   Jews   should 

believe in His existence and worship Him alone�此�it forbade them to invent 



                          
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酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��