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theologico-political treatise p1(舞僥嚥屓嵶廨籾冩梢1)-及3何蛍
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footings。 In order to set this forth categorically and exhaust the whole
question�察�I point out the way in which the Bible should be interpreted�察�and
show that all of spiritual questions should be sought from it alone�察�and not
from the objects of ordinary knowledge。 ��43�� Thence I pass on to indicate
the false notions�察�which have from the fact that the multitude ´ ever prone
to superstition�察 �and caring more for the shreds of antiquity for eternal
truths ´ pays homage to the Books of the Bible�察�rather than to the Word of
God。 ��44�� I show that the Word of God has not been revealed as a certain
number of books�察 �was displayed to the prophets as a simple idea of the
mind�察�namely�察�obedience to God in singleness of heart�察�and in the practice
of justice and charity�察�and I further point out�察�that this doctrine is set forth
in Scripture in accordance with the opinions and understandings of those�察�
among whom the Apostles and Prophets preached�察 �to the end that men
might receive it willingly�察�and with their whole heart。
��45�� Having thus laid bare the bases of belief�察�I draw the conclusion
that Revelation has obedience for its sole object�察�therefore�察�in purpose no
less than in foundation and method�察 �stands entirely aloof from ordinary
knowledge�察 �each has its separate province�察 �neither can be called the
handmaid of the other。
��46�� Furthermore�察 �as men's habits of mind differ�察 �so that some more
readily embrace one form of faith�察�some another�察�for what moves one to
pray may move another only to scoff�察�I conclude�察�in accordance with what
has gone before�察 �that everyone should be free to choose for himself the
foundations of his creed�察�and that faith should be judged only by its fruits�察�
each would then obey God freely with his whole heart�察 �while nothing
would be publicly honoured save justice and charity。
��47�� Having thus drawn attention to the liberty conceded to everyone
by the revealed law of God�察�I pass on to another part of my subject�察�and
prove that this same liberty can and should be accorded with safety to the
state and the magisterial authority ´ in fact�察 �that it cannot be withheld
without great danger to peace and detriment to the community。
��48�� In order to establish my point�察�I start from the natural rights of the
individual�察�which are co´extensive with his desires and power�察�and from
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the fact that no one is bound to live as another pleases�察�but is the guardian
of his own liberty。 ��49�� I show that these rights can only be transferred to
those whom we depute to defend us�察 �who acquire with the duties of
defence the power of ordering our lives�察 �and I thence infer that rulers
possess rights only limited by their power�察�that they are the sole guardians
of justice and liberty�察�and that their subjects should act in all things as they
dictate�此�nevertheless�察�since no one can so utterly abdicate his own power
of self´defence as to cease to be a man�察 �I conclude that no one can be
deprived of his natural rights absolutely�察�but that subjects�察�either by tacit
agreement�察�or by social contract�察�retain a certain number�察�which cannot be
taken from them without great danger to the state。
��50�� From these considerations I pass on to the Hebrew State�察�which I
describe at some length�察�in order to trace the manner in which Religion
acquired the force of law�察�and to touch on other noteworthy points。 ��51�� I
then prove�察�that the holders of sovereign power are the depositories and
interpreters of religious no less than of civil ordinances�察 �and that they
alone have the right to decide what is just or unjust�察 �pious or impious�察�
lastly�察 �I conclude by showing�察 �that they best retain this right and secure
safety to their state by allowing every man to think what he likes�察�and say
what he thinks。
��52�� Such�察 �Philosophical Reader�察 �are the questions I submit to your
notice�察 �counting on your approval�察 �for the subject matter of the whole
book and of the several chapters is important and profitable。 ��53�� I would
say more�察�but I do not want my preface to extend to a volume�察�especially
as I know that its leading propositions are to Philosophers but common
places。 ��54�� To the rest of mankind I care not to commend my treatise�察�for
I cannot expect that it contains anything to please them�此 �I know how
deeply rooted are the prejudices embraced under the name of religion�察 �I
am aware that in the mind of the masses superstition is no less deeply
rooted than fear�察 �I recognize that their constancy is mere obstinacy�察 �and
that they are led to praise or blame by impulse rather than reason。 ��55��
Therefore the multitude�察�and those of like passions with the multitude�察�I
ask not to read my book�察 �nay�察 �I would rather that they should utterly
neglect it�察�than that they should misinterpret it after their wont。 ��56�� They
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would gain no good themselves�察 �and might prove a stumbling´block to
others�察�whose philosophy is hampered by the belief that Reason is a mere
handmaid to Theology�察�and whom I seek in this work especially to benefit。
��57�� But as there will be many who have neither the leisure�察�nor�察�perhaps�察�
the inclination to read through all I have written�察�I feel bound here�察�as at
the end of my treatise�察�to declare that I have written nothing�察�which I do
not most willingly submit to the examination and judgment of my
country's rulers�察�and that I am ready to retract anything�察�which they shall
decide to be repugnant to the laws or prejudicial to the public good。 ��58�� I
know that I am a man and�察 �as a man�察 �liable to error�察 �but against error I
have taken scrupulous care�察�and striven to keep in entire accordance with
the laws of my country�察�with loyalty�察�and with morality。
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CHAPTER I。 ´ Of Prophecy
��1�� Prophecy�察�or revelation is sure knowledge revealed by God to man。
��2�� A prophet is one who interprets the revelations of God ��insights�� to
those who are unable to attain to sure knowledge of the matters revealed�察�
and therefore can only apprehend them by simple faith。
��3�� The Hebrew word for prophet is ;naw´vee';�察 �Strong��5030�察�
��Endnote 1�А �i。e。 speaker or interpreter�察 �but in Scripture its meaning is
restricted to interpreter of God�察�as we may learn from Exodus vii��1�察�where
God says to Moses�察 �See�察�I have made thee a god to Pharaoh�察�and Aaron
thy brother shall be thy prophet�察─ �implying that�察 �since in interpreting
Moses' words to Pharaoh�察�Aaron acted the part of a prophet�察�Moses would
be to Pharaoh as a god�察�or in the attitude of a god。
��4�� Prophets I will treat of in the next chapter�察�and at present consider
prophecy。
��5�� Now it is evident�察�from the definition above given�察�that prophecy
really includes ordinary knowledge�察�for the knowledge which we acquire
by our natural faculties depends on knowledge of God and His eternal
laws�察�but ordinary knowledge is common to all men as men�察�and rests on
foundations which all share�察 �whereas the multitude always strains after
rarities and exceptions�察�and thinks little of the gifts of nature�察�so that�察�when
prophecy is talked of�察�ordinary knowledge is not supposed to be included。
��6�� Nevertheless it has as much right as any other to be called Divine�察�for
God's nature�察�in so far as we share therein�察�and God's laws�察�dictate it to us�察�
nor does it suffer from that to which we give the preeminence�察�except in so
far as the latter transcends its limits and cannot be accounted for by natural
laws taken in themselves。 ��7�� In respect to the certainty it involves�察�and the
source from which it is derived�察�i。e。 God�察�ordinary�察�knowledge is no whit
inferior to prophetic�察�unless indeed we believe�察�or rather dream�察�that the
prophets had human bodies but superhuman minds�察�and therefore that their
sensations and consciou
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