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the spirit of place and other essays(地方的精神等)-第5部分

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verses; uncertain with the regularity of the madrigal; and inconstant with 

the   punctuality   of   a   stanza;   she   has   gone   with   the   arts   of   that   day;   and 

neither verse nor music will ever make such another lady。                   She refused to 

observe   the   transiency   of   roses;   she   never   really   intendedmuch   as   she 

was urgedto be a shepherdess; she was never persuaded to mitigate her 

dress。    In return; the world has let her disappear。             She scorned the poets 

until they turned upon her in the epigram of many a final couplet; and of 

these the last has been long written。           Her 〃No〃 was set to counterpoint in 

the part…song; and she frightened Love out of her sight in a ballet。                  Those 



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occupations are gone; and the lovely Elizabethan has slipped away。                         She 

was something less than mortal。 

     But she who was more than mortal was mortal too。                    This was no lady 

of   the   unanimous   lyrists;   but   a   rare   visitant   unknown   to   these   exquisite 

little   talents。   She     was   not   set  for   singing;   but   poetry    spoke    of  her; 

sometimes when she was sleeping; and then Fletcher said … 

       None can rock Heaven to sleep but her。 

       Or when she was singing; and Carew rhymed … 

       Ask   me   no   more   whither   doth   haste   The   nightingale   when   May   is 

past; For in your sweet dividing throat She winters; and keeps warm her 

note。 

       Sometimes when the lady was dead; and Carew; again; wrote on her 

monument … 

       And here the precious dust is laid; Whose purely…tempered clay was 

made So fine that it the guest betrayed。 

       But there was besides another Lady of the lyrics; one who will never 

pass from the world; but has passed from song。                   In the sixteenth century 

and    in  the   seventeenth      century   this   lady   was    Death。    Her     inspiration 

never   failed;   not   a   poet   but   found   it   as   fresh   as   the   inspiration   of   life。 

Fancy was not quenched by the inevitable thought in those days; as it is in 

ours; and the phrase lost no dignity by the integrity of use。 

     To   every   man   it   happens   that   at   one   time   of   his   lifefor   a   space   of 

years     or  for   a  space    of   monthshe      is  convinced      of   death    with   an 

incomparable reality。         It might seem as though literature; living the life of 

a man; underwent that conviction in those ages。                   Death was as often on 

the   tongues   of   men   in   older   ages;   and   oftener   in   their   hands;   but   in   the 

sixteenth   century   it   was   at   their   hearts。   The   discovery   of   death   did   not 

shake the poets from their composure。 On the contrary; the verse is never 

measured with more majestic effect than when it moves in honour of this 

Lady of   the lyrics。       Sir Walter   Raleigh   is but   a   jerky  writer   when   he   is 

rhyming other things; however bitter or however solemn; but his lines on 

death; which are also lines on immortality; are infinitely noble。                  These are; 

needless to say;  meditations upon death by law and violence; and so are 

the ingenious rhymes of Chidiock Tichborne; written after his last prose in 



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his farewell letter to his wife〃Now; Sweet… cheek; what is left to bestow 

on thee; a small recompense for thy deservings〃and singularly beautiful 

prose is this。     So also are Southwell's words。             But these are exceptional 

deaths;   and   more   dramatic   than   was   needed   to   awake   the   poetry   of   the 

meditative age。 

     It was death as the end of the visible world and of the idle business of 

lifenot death as a passage nor death as a fear or a darknessthat was the 

Lady of the lyrists。       Nor was their song of the act of dying。              With this a 

much   later   and   much   more   trivial   literature   busied   itself。      Those   two 

centuries   felt   with   a   shock   that   death   would   bring   an   end;   and   that   its 

equalities would make vain the differences of wit and wealth which they 

took apparently  more  seriously than   to us seems   probable。                They  never 

wearied of the wonder。           The poetry of our day has an entirely different 

emotion for death as parting。           It was not parting that the lyrists sang of; it 

was the mere simplicity of death。             None of our contemporaries will take 

such   a   subject;   they   have   no   more   than   the   ordinary   conviction   of   the 

matter。     For the great treatment of obvious things there must evidently be 

an extraordinary conviction。 

     But whether the chief Lady of the lyrics be this; or whether she be the 

implacable Elizabethan feigned by the love…songs; she has equally passed 

from before the eyes of poets。 



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                                          JULY 



     One   has   the   leisure   of   July   for   perceiving   all   the   differences   of   the 

green of leaves。       It is no longer a difference in degrees of maturity; for all 

the trees have darkened to their final tone; and stand in their differences of 

character and not of mere date。 Almost all the green is grave; not sad and 

not dull。    It has a darkened and a daily colour; in majestic but not obvious 

harmony   with   dark   grey   skies;   and   might   look;   to   inconstant   eyes;   as 

prosaic after spring as eleven o'clock looks after the dawn。 

     Gravity is the wordnot solemnity as towards evening; nor menace as 

at night。    The daylight trees of July are signs of common beauty; common 

freshness;     and   a  mystery     familiar   and    abiding    as  night   and   day。   In 

childhood we all have a more exalted sense of dawn and summer sunrise 

than we ever fully retain or quite recover; and also a far higher sensibility 

for April and April eveningsa heartache for them; which in riper years is 

gradually and irretrievably consoled。 

     But; on the other hand; childhood has so quickly learned to find daily 

things tedious; and familiar things importunate; that it has no great delight 

in the mere middle of the day; and feels weariness of the summer that has 

ceased   to   change   visibly。     The   poetry   of   mere   day   and   of   late   summer 

becomes   perceptible   to   mature   eyes   that   have   long   ceased   to   be   sated; 

have taken leave of weariness; and cannot now find anything in nature too 

familiar;     eyes   which    have;    indeed;    lost  sight   of   the  further   awe    of 

midsummer   daybreak;   and   no   longer   see   so   much   of   the   past   in   April 

twilight as they saw when they had no past; but which look freshly at the 

dailiness of green summer; of early afternoon; of every sky of any form 

that comes to pass; and of the darkened elms。 

     Not unbeloved is this serious tree; the elm; with its leaf sitting close; 

unthrilled。     Its stature gives it a dark gold head when it looks alone to a 

late sun。     But if one could go by all the woods; across all the old forests 

that   are   now    meadowlands        set  with   trees;   and   could    walk   a  county 

gathering     trees   of  a  single   kind   in  the   mind;   as   one   walks   a  garden 

collecting flowers of a single kind in the hand; would not the harvest be a 



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harvest of poplars?        A veritable passion for poplars is a most intelligible 

passion。     The eyes do gather them; far and near; on a whole day's journey。 

Not one is unperceived; even though great timber should be passed; and 

hill…sides dense and deep with trees。            The fancy makes a poplar day of it。 

Immediately        the   country     looks    alive   with    signals;   for   the   poplars 

everywhere reply to the glance。             The woods may be all various; but the 

poplars are separate。 

     All their many kinds (and aspens; their kin; must be counted with them) 

shake   themselves   perpetually   free   of   the   motionless   forest。   It   is   easy   to 

gather   them。      Glances     sent   into  the   far  distance   pay   them   a   flash   of 

recognition of their gentle   flashes; and   as you   journey  you   are   suddenly 

aware of them close by。          Light and the b
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