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the spirit of place and other essays(地方的精神等)-第4部分

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against her child。        Her power; her intimacy; her opportunity; that should 

be her accusers; are held to excuse her。                She gains the most slovenly of 

indulgences and the grossest compassion; on the vulgar grounds that her 

crime was easy。 

     Lawless   and   vain   art   of   a   certain   kind   is   apt   to   claim  to…day;   by  the 

way; some such fondling as a heroine of the dock receives from common 

opinion。      The  vain   artist   had   all   the  opportunities   of the   situation。      He 

was master of his own purpose; such as it was; it was his secret; and the 

public   was   not   privy   to   his   artistic   conscience。   He   does   violence   to   the 

obligations of which he is aware; and which the world does not know very 

explicitly。     Nothing   is   easier。     Or   he   is   lawless   in   a   more   literal   sense; 

but only hopes the world will believe that he has a whole code of his own 

making。       It would; nevertheless; be less unworthy to break obvious rules 

obviously   in   the   obvious   face   of   the   public;   and   to   abide   the   common 

rebuke。 

     It   has   just   been   said   that   a   park   is   by   no   means   necessary   for   the 

preparation   of   a   country   solitude。      Indeed;   to   make   those   far   and   wide 

and   long   approaches   and   avenues   to   peace   seems   to   be   a   denial   of   the 

accessibility of what should be so simple。                 A step; a pace or so aside; is 

enough to lead thither。 

     A park insists   too much; and; besides; does not   insist very  sincerely。 

In   order    to  fulfil  the   apparent     professions     and    to  keep    the  published 

promise of a park; the owner thereof should be a lover of long seclusion or 

of    a  very    life  of   loneliness。      He     should    have     gained    the   state   of 

solitariness     which     is  a  condition     of  life  quite   unlike    any   other。    The 

traveller who may have gone astray in countries where an almost life…long 

solitude is possible knows how invincibly apart are the lonely figures he 



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                               The Spirit of Place and Other Essays 



has seen in desert places there。           Their loneliness is broken by his passage; 

it is true; but hardly so to them。          They look at him; but they are not aware 

that    he  looks    at  them。     Nay;     they   look   at  him    as   though    they    were 

invisible。 Their un…self…consciousness is absolute; it is in the wild degree。 

They are solitaries; body and soul; even when they are curious; and turn to 

watch the passer…by; they are essentially alone。                 Now; no one ever found 

that attitude   in a squire's figure;  or   that look in any  country  gentleman's 

eyes。     The   squire is   not   a   life…long solitary。      He   never bore   himself   as 

though      he   were    invisible。    He     never    had   the   impersonal      ways     of  a 

herdsman in the remoter Apennines; with a blind; blank hut in the rocks 

for his dwelling。 Millet would not even have taken him as a model for a 

solitary   in   the   briefer   and   milder   sylvan   solitudes   of   France。      And   yet 

nothing   but   a   life…long;   habitual;   and   wild   solitariness   would   be   quite 

proportionate to a park of any magnitude。 

     If there is a look of human eyes that tells of perpetual loneliness; so 

there is also the familiar look that is the sign of perpetual crowds。                       It is 

the   London   expression;   and;   in   its   way;   the   Paris   expression。       It   is   the 

quickly caught;  though not interested; look;  the   dull but   ready  glance   of 

those who do not know of their forfeited place apart; who have neither the 

open   secret   nor   the   close;   no   reserve;   no   need   of   refuge;   no   flight   nor 

impulse of flight; no moods but what they may brave out in the street; no 

hope of news from solitary counsels。 



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                             The Spirit of Place and Other Essays 



           THE LADY OF THE LYRICS 



     She is eclipsed; or gone; or in hiding。          But the sixteenth century took 

her for granted as the object of song; she was a class; a state; a sex。                  It 

was scarcely necessary to waste the lyrist's time… …time that went so gaily 

to metre as not to brook delaysin making her out too clearly。                  She had 

no more of what later times call individuality than has the rose; her rival; 

her foil when she was kinder; her superior when she was cruel; her ever 

fresh   and   ever   conventional   paragon。      She   needed   not   to   be   devised   or 

divined; she was ready。         A merry heart goes all the day; the lyrist's never 

grew weary。       Honest men never grow tired of bread or of any other daily 

things whereof the sweetness is in their own simplicity。 

     The    lady   of  the   lyrics  was   not   loved   in  mortal    earnest;   and   her 

punishment now and then for her ingratitude was to be told that she was 

loved in jest。     She did not love; her fancy was fickle; she was not moved 

by long service; which; by the way; was evidently to be taken for granted 

precisely like the whole long past of a dream。 She had not a good temper。 

When the poet groans it seems that she has laughed at him; when he flouts 

her;   we   may   understand   that   she   has   chidden   her   lyrist   in   no   temperate 

terms。     In doing this she has sinned not so much against him as against 

Love。     With   that   she   is   perpetually   reproved。    The   lyrist   complains   to 

Love; pities Love for her scorning; and threatens to go away with Love; 

who is on his side。        The sweetest verse is tuned to love when the loved 

one proves worthy。 

     There is no record of success for this policy。           She goes on dancing or 

scolding;     as  the  case   may    be;  and   the  lyrist  goes   on  boasting    of  his 

constancy; or suddenly renounces it for a day。             The situation has variants; 

but no surprise or ending。         The lover's convention is explicit enough; but 

it might puzzle a reader to account for the lady's。             Pride in her beauty; at 

any rate; is herspride so great that she cannot bring herself to perceive 

the shortness of her day。 She is so unobservant as to need to be told that 

life is brief; and youth briefer than life; that the rose fades; and so forth。 

     Now we need not assume that the lady of the lyrics ever lived。                   But 



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                              The Spirit of Place and Other Essays 



taking her as the perfectly unanimous conception of the lyrists; how is it 

she did not discover these things unaided?              Why does the lover invariably 

imagine   her   with   a   mind   intensely   irritable   under   his   own   praise   and 

poetry?      Obviously      we    cannot    have    her  explanation      of  any   of  these 

matters。     Why do the poets so much lament the absence of truth in one 

whose truth would be of little moment?               And why was the convention so 

pleasant; among all others; as to occupy a whole age nay; two great ages… 

…of literature? 

     Music seems to be principally answerable。                For the lyrics of the lady 

are 〃words for music〃 by a great majority。              There is hardly a single poem 

in the Elizabethan Song…books; properly so named; that has what would in 

our   day   be   called   a   tone   of   sentiment。   Music   had   not   then   the   tone 

herself; she was ingenious; and so must the words be。                  She had the air of 

epigram; and an   accurately definite limit。  So; too; the lady of the   lyrics; 

who   might   be   called   the   lady   of   the   stanzas;   so   strictly   does   she   go   by 

measure。       When      she  is  quarrelsome;      it  is  but  fuguishness;     when     she 

dances; she does it by a canon。             She could not but be perverse; merrily 

sung to such grave notes。 

     So fixed was the law of this perversity that none in the song…books is 

allowed to be kind enough for a 〃melody;〃 except one lady only。 She may 

thus derogate; for the exceedingly Elizabethan reason that she is 〃brown。〃 

She   is   brown   and   kind;   and   a   〃sad   flower;〃   but   the   song   made   for   her 

would have been too insipid; apparently; without an antithesis。                     The fair 

one is warned that her disdain makes her even less lovely than the brown。 

     Fair as a lily; hard to please; easily angry; ungrateful for innumerable 

verses; uncertain with the regularity of the madrigal; and in
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