嗔秤戻幣�哉膵�云利匈嬉蝕湊蛸賜�塋床四衲���萩晦編報炎嘔囚^泡仟 ̄云利匈��
響慕片 卦指云慕朕村 紗秘慕禰 厘議慕尺 厘議慕禰 TXT畠云和墮 〆辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂〇

the soul of the indian(喩芦繁岻至)-及7何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��


Standing before the ;Soldiers' Lodge�察─  �facing the setting sun�察�their  chief 

addressed   the   ;Great   Mystery;   directly   in   a   few   words�察  �after   which   all 

extending   the   right   arm   horizontally   from   the   shoulder   with   open   palm�察�

sang   a   short   invocation   in   unison�察  �ending   with   a   deep�此   �E´ho´ho´ho� ─�

This performance�察�which was really impressive�察�was repeated in front of 

the headquarters lodge�察�facing the rising sun�察�after which each lodge took 

its assigned place�察�and the songs and dances followed in regular order。 

     The closing ceremony�察�which was intensely dramatic in its character�察�

was the initiation of the novices�察�who had received their final preparation 

on the night before。        They were now led out in front of the headquarters 

lodge   and placed in a   kneeling   position   upon   a   carpet   of   rich   robes   and 

furs�察�the men upon the right hand�察�stripped and painted black�察�with a round 

spot   of   red   just   over   the   heart�察  �while   the   women�察  �dressed   in   their   best�察�

were   arranged   upon   the   left。    Both   sexes   wore   the   hair   loose�察  �as   if   in 

mourning or expectation of death。             An equal number of grand medicine´ 

men�察�each of whom was especially appointed to one of the novices�察�faced 

them at a distance of half the length of the hall�察�or perhaps fifty feet。 

     After silent prayer�察�each medicine´man in turn addressed himself to his 



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charge�察�exhorting him to observe all the rules of the order under the eye of 

the Mysterious One�察�and instructing him in his duty toward his fellow´man 

and   toward   the   Ruler   of   Life。     All   then   assumed   an   attitude   of   superb 

power   and   dignity�察  �crouching   slightly  as   if   about   to   spring   forward   in   a 

foot´race�察     �and    grasping     their   medicine      bags     firmly    in   both    hands。 

Swinging       their   arms    forward     at  the   same    moment�察     �they   uttered    their 

guttural ;Yo´ho´ho´ho� ─�in perfect unison and with startling effect。                     In the 

midst of a breathless silence�察�they took a step forward�察�then another and 

another�察  �ending   a   rod   or   so   from   the   row   of   kneeling   victims�察  �with   a 

mighty   swing   of   the   sacred   bags   that   would   seem   to   project   all   their 

mystic     power     into   the   bodies    of  the   initiates。   Instantly     they    all  fell 

forward�察�apparently lifeless。 

     With this thrilling climax�察�the drums were vigorously pounded and the 

dance began again with energy。               After a few turns had been taken about 

the prostrate bodies of the new members�察�covering them with fine robes 

and other garments which were later to be distributed as gifts�察�they were 

permitted   to   come   to   life   and   to   join   in   the   final   dance。   The   whole 

performance was clearly symbolic of death and resurrection。 

     While I cannot suppose that this elaborate ritual�察�with its use of public 

and audible prayer�察�of public exhortation or sermon�察�and other Caucasian 

features�察  �was   practiced   before   comparatively   modern   times�察  �there   is   no 

doubt   that   it   was   conscientiously   believed   in   by   its   members�察  �and   for   a 

time   regarded   with   reverence   by   the   people。          But   at   a   later   period   it 

became still further demoralized and fell under suspicion of witchcraft。 

     There   is   no   doubt   that   the   Indian   held   medicine   close   to   spiritual 

things�察�but in this also he has been much misunderstood�察�in fact everything 

that he held sacred is indiscriminately called ;medicine�察─�in the sense of 

mystery or   magic。         As a doctor he was originally very adroit and often 

successful。      He employed only healing bark�察�roots�察�and leaves with whose 

properties he was familiar�察�using them in the form of a distillation or tea 

and     always     singly。     The     stomach      or   internal    bath   was    a   valuable 

discovery   of   his�察  �and   the   vapor   or   Turkish   bath   was   in   general   use。   He 

could set a broken bone with fair success�察�but never practiced surgery in 

any   form。      In   addition    to   all  this�察 �the  medicine´man        possessed      much 



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                                THE SOUL OF THE INDIAN 



personal   magnetism   and   authority�察  �and   in   his   treatment   often   sought   to 

reestablish     the   equilibrium     of  the   patient   through     mental    or  spiritual 

influencesa sort of primitive psychotherapy。 

     The Sioux word for the healing art is ;wah´pee´yah�察─�which literally 

means      readjusting    or   making     anew。    ;Pay´jee´hoo´tah�察─       �literally   root�察�

means medicine�察�and ;wakan; signifies spirit or mystery。                   Thus the three 

ideas�察�while sometimes associated�察�were carefully distinguished。 

     It is important   to remember that   in the old   days the  ;medicine´man; 

received   no   payment   for   his   services�察  �which   were   of   the   nature   of   an 

honorable function or office。           When the idea of payment and barter was 

introduced among us�察�and valuable presents or fees began to be demanded 

for    treating    the   sick�察  �the   ensuing     greed    and   rivalry    led   to   many 

demoralizing practices�察�and in time to the rise of the modern ;conjurer�察─�

who is generally a fraud and trickster of the grossest kind。                It is fortunate 

that his day is practically over。 

     Ever     seeking    to   establish   spiritual    comradeship       with   the   animal 

creation�察    �the  Indian    adopted     this  or   that  animal    as   his  ;totem�察─    �the 

emblematic device of his society�察�family�察�or clan。                It is probable that the 

creature chosen was the traditional ancestress�察�as we are told that the First 

Man had many wives among the animal people。                      The sacred beast�察�bird�察�

or reptile�察�represented by its stuffed skin�察�or by a rude painting�察�was treated 

with   reverence   and   carried   into   battle   to   insure   the   guardianship   of   the 

spirits。    The     symbolic     attribute   of   beaver�察  �bear�察  �or  tortoise�察  �such    as 

wisdom�察�cunning�察�courage�察�and the like�察�was supposed to be mysteriously 

conferred   upon   the   wearer   of   the   badge。      The   totem   or   charm   used   in 

medicine       was    ordinarily    that   of   the   medicine     lodge    to   which     the 

practitioner belonged�察�though there were some great men who boasted a 

special revelation。 

     There are two ceremonial usages which�察�so far as I have been able to 

ascertain�察    �were     universal    among      American      Indians�察    �and   apparently 

fundamental。        These have   already  been   referred   to   as the   ;eneepee�察─�or 

vapor´bath�察�and the ;chan´du´hu´pah´yu´za´pee�察─�or ceremonial of the pipe。 

In our Siouan legends and traditions these two are preeminent�察�as handed 

down from the most ancient time and persisting to the last。 



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                                THE SOUL OF THE INDIAN 



     In our Creation myth or story of the First Man�察�the vapor´bath was the 

magic   used   by   The´one´who´was´First´Created�察  �to   give   life   to   the   dead 

bones of his younger brother�察�who had been slain by the monsters of the 

deep。     Upon the shore of the Great Water he dug two round holes�察�over 

one of which he built a low enclosure of fragrant cedar boughs�察�and here 

he gathered together the bones of his brother。               In the other pit he made a 

fire   and   heated   four   round   stones�察  �which   he   rolled   one   by   one   into   the 

lodge   of    boughs。     Having      closed   every   aperture     save   one�察  �he  sang    a 

mystic   chant   while   he   thrust   in   his   arm   and   sprinkled   water   upon   the 

stones with a bunch of sage。           Immediately steam arose�察�and as the legend 

says�察   �there   was   an   appearance   of   life。;     A   second   time   he   sprinkled 

water�察�and   the   dry  bones   rattled   together。      The third   time   he   seemed   to 

hear   soft   singing    from   within    the   lodge�察  �and   the   fourth   time   a  voice 

exclaimed�此   �Brother�察  �let   me   out� ─     。�It   should   be   noted   that   the   number 

four is the magic or sacred number of the Indian。�� 

     This story gives the traditional origin of the ;eneepee�察─�which has ever 

since been deemed essential to the Indian's effort to purify and recreate his 

spirit。   It is used both by the doctor and by his patient。      
卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��1�� 家��1��
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��