嗔秤戻幣�哉膵�云利匈嬉蝕湊蛸賜�塋床四衲���萩晦編報炎嘔囚^泡仟 ̄云利匈��
the soul of the indian(喩芦繁岻至)-及2何蛍
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��
6
´ Page 7´
THE SOUL OF THE INDIAN
literally ;mysterious feeling�察─ �which has been variously translated
;fasting; and ;dreaming。; It may better be interpreted as ;consciousness of
the divine。;
The first bambeday�察�or religious retreat�察�marked an epoch in the life of
the youth�察�which may be compared to that of confirmation or conversion
in Christian experience。 Having first prepared himself by means of the
purifying vapor´bath�察�and cast off as far as possible all human or fleshly
influences�察 �the young man sought out the noblest height�察 �the most
commanding summit in all the surrounding region。 Knowing that God
sets no value upon material things�察 �he took with him no offerings or
sacrifices other than symbolic objects�察 �such as paints and tobacco。
Wishing to appear before Him in all humility�察�he wore no clothing save his
moccasins and breech´clout。 At the solemn hour of sunrise or sunset he
took up his position�察�overlooking the glories of earth and facing the ;Great
Mystery�察─ �and there he remained�察 �naked�察 �erect�察 �silent�察 �and motionless�察�
exposed to the elements and forces of His arming�察�for a night and a day to
two days and nights�察 �but rarely longer。 Sometimes he would chant a
hymn without words�察�or offer the ceremonial ;filled pipe。; In this holy
trance or ecstasy the Indian mystic found his highest happiness and the
motive power of his existence。
When he returned to the camp�察�he must remain at a distance until he
had again entered the vapor´bath and prepared himself for intercourse with
his fellows。 Of the vision or sign vouchsafed to him he did not speak�察�
unless it had included some commission which must be publicly fulfilled。
Sometimes an old man�察�standing upon the brink of eternity�察�might reveal to
a chosen few the oracle of his long´past youth。
The native American has been generally despised by his white
conquerors for his poverty and simplicity。 They forget�察�perhaps�察�that his
religion forbade the accumulation of wealth and the enjoyment of luxury。
To him�察 �as to other single´minded men in every age and race�察 �from
Diogenes to the brothers of Saint Francis�察 �from the Montanists to the
Shakers�察�the love of possessions has appeared a snare�察�and the burdens of a
complex society a source of needless peril and temptation。 Furthermore�察�
it was the rule of his life to share the fruits of his skill and success with his
7
´ Page 8´
THE SOUL OF THE INDIAN
less fortunate brothers。 Thus he kept his spirit free from the clog of pride�察�
cupidity�察 �or envy�察 �and carried out�察 �as he believed�察 �the divine decreea
matter profoundly important to him。
It was not�察�then�察�wholly from ignorance or improvidence that he failed
to establish permanent towns and to develop a material civilization。 To
the untutored sage�察�the concentration of population was the prolific mother
of all evils�察 �moral no less than physical。 He argued that food is good�察�
while surfeit kills�察�that love is good�察�but lust destroys�察�and not less dreaded
than the pestilence following upon crowded and unsanitary dwellings was
the loss of spiritual power inseparable from too close contact with one's
fellow´men。 All who have lived much out of doors know that there is a
magnetic and nervous force that accumulates in solitude and that is
quickly dissipated by life in a crowd�察 �and even his enemies have
recognized the fact that for a certain innate power and self´poise�察�wholly
independent of circumstances�察�the American Indian is unsurpassed among
men。
The red man divided mind into two parts��the spiritual mind and the
physical mind。 The first is pure spirit�察�concerned only with the essence
of things�察�and it was this he sought to strengthen by spiritual prayer�察�during
which the body is subdued by fasting and hardship。 In this type of prayer
there was no beseeching of favor or help。 All matters of personal or
selfish concern�察�as success in hunting or warfare�察�relief from sickness�察�or
the sparing of a beloved life�察�were definitely relegated to the plane of the
lower or material mind�察 �and all ceremonies�察 �charms�察 �or incantations
designed to secure a benefit or to avert a danger�察 �were recognized as
emanating from the physical self。
The rites of this physical worship�察�again�察�were wholly symbolic�察�and
the Indian no more worshiped the Sun than the Christian adores the Cross。
The Sun and the Earth�察�by an obvious parable�察�holding scarcely more of
poetic metaphor than of scientific truth�察�were in his view the parents of all
organic life。 From the Sun�察 �as the universal father�察 �proceeds the
quickening principle in nature�察�and in the patient and fruitful womb of our
mother�察�the Earth�察�are hidden embryos of plants and men。 Therefore our
reverence and love for them was really an imaginative extension of our
8
´ Page 9´
THE SOUL OF THE INDIAN
love for our immediate parents�察�and with this sentiment of filial piety was
joined a willingness to appeal to them�察�as to a father�察�for such good gifts as
we may desire。 This is the material or physical prayer。
The elements and majestic forces in nature�察 �Lightning�察�Wind�察�Water�察�
Fire�察 �and Frost�察 �were regarded with awe as spiritual powers�察 �but always
secondary and intermediate in character。 We believed that the spirit
pervades all creation and that every creature possesses a soul in some
degree�察 �though not necessarily a soul conscious of itself。 The tree�察 �the
waterfall�察 �the grizzly bear�察 �each is an embodied Force�察 �and as such an
object of reverence。
The Indian loved to come into sympathy and spiritual communion
with his brothers of the animal kingdom�察�whose inarticulate souls had for
him something of the sinless purity that we attribute to the innocent and
irresponsible child。 He had faith in their instincts�察 �as in a mysterious
wisdom given from above�察�and while he humbly accepted the supposedly
voluntary sacrifice of their bodies to preserve his own�察�he paid homage to
their spirits in prescribed prayers and offerings。
In every religion there is an element of the supernatural�察�varying with
the influence of pure reason over its devotees。 The Indian was a logical
and clear thinker upon matters within the scope of his understanding�察�but
he had not yet charted the vast field of nature or expressed her wonders in
terms of science。 With his limited knowledge of cause and effect�察�he saw
miracles on every hand��the miracle of life in seed and egg�察�the miracle of
death in lightning flash and in the swelling deep� �Nothing of the
marvelous could astonish him�察 �as that a beast should speak�察 �or the sun
stand still。 The virgin birth would appear scarcely more miraculous
than is the birth of every child that comes into the world�察�or the miracle of
the loaves and fishes excite more wonder than the harvest that springs
from a single ear of corn。
Who may condemn his superstition�拭 �Surely not the devout Catholic�察�
or even Protestant missionary�察�who teaches Bible miracles as literal fact� �
The logical man must either deny all miracles or none�察�and our American
Indian myths and hero stories are perhaps�察�in themselves�察�quite as credible
as those of the Hebrews of old。 If we are of the modern type of mind�察�
9
´ Page 10´
THE SOUL OF THE INDIAN
that sees in natural law a majesty and grandeur far more impressive than
any solitary infraction of it could possibly be�察�let us not forget that�察�after
all�察 �science has not explained everything。 We have still to face the
ultimate miracle��the origin and principle of life� �Here is the supreme
mystery that is the es
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��