嗔秤戻幣�哉膵�云利匈嬉蝕湊蛸賜�塋床四衲���萩晦編報炎嘔囚^泡仟 ̄云利匈��
響慕片 卦指云慕朕村 紗秘慕禰 厘議慕尺 厘議慕禰 TXT畠云和墮 〆辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂〇

alcibiades ii(唖櫛廉曳冉蟻帽)-及4何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��


    SOCRATES�此�But were you not saying that you would call the many 

unwise and the few wise�拭�

    ALCIBIADES�此�I was。 

    SOCRATES�此�And have we not come back to our old assertion that the 

many fail to obtain the best because they trust to opinion which is devoid 

of intelligence�拭�

    ALCIBIADES�此�That is the case。 

    SOCRATES�此�It is good�察�then�察�for the many�察�if they particularly desire 

to do that which they know or suppose that they know�察�neither to know nor 

to suppose that they know�察�in cases where if they carry out their ideas in 

action they will be losers rather than gainers�拭�

    ALCIBIADES�此�What you say is very true。 

    SOCRATES�此�Do you not see that I was really speaking the truth when 

I affirmed that the possession of any other kind of knowledge was more 

likely   to  injure  than  to  benefit  the  possessor�察  �unless   he  had  also  the 

knowledge of the best�拭�

    ALCIBIADES�此�I do now�察�if I did not before�察�Socrates。 

    SOCRATES�此�The state or the soul�察�therefore�察�which wishes to have a 

right existence must   hold firmly to   this knowledge�察�just   as the sick  man 

clings to the physician�察�or the passenger depends for safety on the pilot。 

And if the soul does not set sail until she have obtained this she will be all 



                                          14 


´ Page 15´

                                      ALCIBIADES II 



the   safer   in   the   voyage   through   life。   But   when   she   rushes   in   pursuit   of 

wealth or  bodily strength or   anything else�察 �not having the  knowledge  of 

the best�察�so much the more is she likely to meet with misfortune。 And he 

who     has   the   love   of  learning    ��Or�察  �reading    polumatheian�察     �'abundant 

learning。'���察�and is skilful in many arts�察�and does not possess the knowledge 

of the best�察�but is under some other guidance�察�will make�察�as he deserves�察�a 

sorry voyage�此�he will�察�I believe�察�hurry through the brief space of human 

life�察�pilotless in mid´ocean�察�and the words will apply to him in which the 

poet blamed his enemy�此�

     '。。。Full many a thing he knew�察�But knew them all badly。' ��A fragment 

from the pseudo´Homeric poem�察�'Margites。'�� 

     ALCIBIADES�此�How in the world�察�Socrates�察�do the words of the poet 

apply to him�拭�They seem to me to have no bearing on the point whatever。 

     SOCRATES�此  �Quite   the   contrary�察  �my   sweet   friend�此  �only   the   poet   is 

talking in riddles after the fashion of his tribe。 For all poetry has by nature 

an    enigmatical    character�察   �and   it  is  by  no  means    everybody      who    can 

interpret it。 And if�察�moreover�察�the spirit of poetry happen to seize on a man 

who is of a begrudging temper and does not care to manifest his wisdom 

but keeps it to himself as far as he can�察�it does indeed require an almost 

superhuman wisdom to discover what the poet would be at。 You surely do 

not suppose that Homer�察�the wisest and most divine of poets�察�was unaware 

of the impossibility of knowing a thing badly�此�for it was no less a person 

than he who said of Margites that 'he knew many things�察�but knew them 

all badly。' The solution of the riddle is this�察�I imagine��By 'badly' Homer 

meant 'bad' and   'knew' stands   for 'to   know。' Put   the words   together��the 

metre will suffer�察�but the poet's meaning is clear��'Margites knew all these 

things�察�but it was bad for him to know them。' And�察�obviously�察�if it was bad 

for him to know so many things�察�he must have been a good´for´ nothing�察�

unless the argument has played us false。 

     ALCIBIADES�此�But I do not think that it has�察�Socrates�此�at least�察�if the 

argument is fallacious�察�it would be difficult for me to find another which I 

could trust。 

     SOCRATES�此�And you are right in thinking so。 

     ALCIBIADES�此�Well�察�that is my opinion。 



                                             15 


´ Page 16´

                                        ALCIBIADES II 



     SOCRATES�此  �But   tell   me�察  �by  Heaven��you   must   see now   the   nature 

and greatness of the difficulty in which you�察�like others�察�have your part。 

For you change about in all directions�察�and never come to rest anywhere�此�

what you once most strongly inclined to suppose�察�you put aside again and 

quite  alter   your   mind。   If   the   God   to   whose   shrine   you   are   going   should 

appear   at   this   moment�察  �and   ask   before   you   made   your   prayer�察  �'Whether 

you would desire to have one of the things which we mentioned at first�察�or 

whether he should leave you to make your own request��'what in either 

case�察   �think    you�察   �would     be   the   best   way    to   take   advantage      of   the 

opportunity�拭�

     ALCIBIADES�此          �Indeed�察    �Socrates�察   �I  could    not  answer     you    without 

consideration。   It   seems   to   me   to   be   a   wild   thing   ��The   Homeric   word 

margos is said to be here employed in allusion to the quotation from the 

'Margites'   which   Socrates   has   just   made�察  �but   it   is   not   used   in   the   sense 

which   it   has   in   Homer。��   to   make   such   a   request�察  �a   man   must   be   very 

careful lest he pray for evil under the idea that he is asking for good�察�when 

shortly  after   he   may   have   to   recall   his   prayer�察  �and�察  �as   you   were   saying�察�

demand the opposite of what he at first requested。 

     SOCRATES�此�And   was  not   the   poet   whose  words   I originally  quoted 

wiser   than   we   are�察  �when   he   bade   us   ��pray   God��   to   defend   us   from   evil 

even though we asked for it�拭�

     ALCIBIADES�此�I believe that you are right。 

     SOCRATES�此  �The   Lacedaemonians�察  �too�察  �whether   from   admiration   of 

the poet or because they have discovered the idea for themselves�察�are wont 

to offer the prayer alike in public and private�察�that the Gods will give unto 

them the beautiful as well as the good��no one is likely to hear them make 

any further petition。 And yet up to the present time they have not been less 

fortunate than other men�察�or if they have sometimes met with misfortune�察�

the   fault   has   not   been   due   to   their   prayer。   For   surely�察  �as   I   conceive�察 �the 

Gods have power either to grant our requests�察�or to send us the contrary of 

what we ask。 

     And now I will relate to you a story which I have heard from certain of 

our elders。 It chanced that when the Athenians and Lacedaemonians were 

at war�察�our city lost every battle by land and sea and never gained a victory。 



                                               16 


´ Page 17´

                                       ALCIBIADES II 



The   Athenians   being   annoyed   and   perplexed   how   to   find   a   remedy   for 

their troubles�察�decided to send and enquire at the shrine of Ammon。 Their 

envoys were also to ask�察�'Why the Gods always granted the victory to the 

Lacedaemonians��'   'We��'   ��they   were   to   say�撮�   'offer   them   more   and   finer 

sacrifices than any other Hellenic state�察�and adorn their temples with gifts�察�

as   nobody   else   does�察  �moreover�察  �we   make   the   most   solemn   and   costly 

processions   to   them   every   year�察  �and   spend   more   money   in   their   service 

than all the rest of the Hellenes put together。 But the Lacedaemonians take 

no thought of such matters�察�and pay so little respect to the Gods that they 

have a habit of sacrificing blemished animals to them�察�and in various ways 

are less zealous than we are�察�although their wealth is quite equal to ours。' 

When   they   had   thus   spoken�察  �and   had   made   their   request   to   know   what 

remedy they could find against the evils which troubled them�察�the prophet 

made no direct answer��clearly because he was not allowed by the God to 

do so��but he summoned them to him and said�此�'Thus saith Ammon to the 

Athenians�此 �The silent worship of the Lacedaemonians pleaseth me better 

than all the offerings of the other Hellenes。;' Such were the words of the 

God�察�and nothing   more。  He   seems   to have   meant   by  'silent   worship' the 

prayer of the Lacedaemonians�察�which is indeed widely different from the 

usual requests of the Hellenes。 For they either bring to the altar bulls with 

gilded horns or make offerings to the Gods�察�and beg at random for what 

they need�察�good or bad。 When�察�therefore�察�the Gods hear them using words 

of   ill   omen   they   reject   these   costly   processions   and   sacrifices   of   theirs。 

And   we   ought�察  �I   think�察  �to   be   very   careful   and   consider   well   what   we 

should say and what leave unsaid。 Homer�察�too�察�will furnish us with similar 

stories。 For he tells us how the Trojans in making their encampment�察�

     'Offered up whole hecatombs to the immortals��' 

     and how the 'sweet savour' was borne 'to the heavens by the winds�察�

     'But the blessed Gods were averse and received it not。 For exceedingly 

did   they   hate   the 
卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��1��
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��