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alcibiades ii(唖櫛廉曳冉蟻帽)-及4何蛍
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SOCRATES�此�But were you not saying that you would call the many
unwise and the few wise�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�I was。
SOCRATES�此�And have we not come back to our old assertion that the
many fail to obtain the best because they trust to opinion which is devoid
of intelligence�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�That is the case。
SOCRATES�此�It is good�察�then�察�for the many�察�if they particularly desire
to do that which they know or suppose that they know�察�neither to know nor
to suppose that they know�察�in cases where if they carry out their ideas in
action they will be losers rather than gainers�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�What you say is very true。
SOCRATES�此�Do you not see that I was really speaking the truth when
I affirmed that the possession of any other kind of knowledge was more
likely to injure than to benefit the possessor�察 �unless he had also the
knowledge of the best�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�I do now�察�if I did not before�察�Socrates。
SOCRATES�此�The state or the soul�察�therefore�察�which wishes to have a
right existence must hold firmly to this knowledge�察�just as the sick man
clings to the physician�察�or the passenger depends for safety on the pilot。
And if the soul does not set sail until she have obtained this she will be all
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the safer in the voyage through life。 But when she rushes in pursuit of
wealth or bodily strength or anything else�察 �not having the knowledge of
the best�察�so much the more is she likely to meet with misfortune。 And he
who has the love of learning ��Or�察 �reading polumatheian�察 �'abundant
learning。'���察�and is skilful in many arts�察�and does not possess the knowledge
of the best�察�but is under some other guidance�察�will make�察�as he deserves�察�a
sorry voyage�此�he will�察�I believe�察�hurry through the brief space of human
life�察�pilotless in mid´ocean�察�and the words will apply to him in which the
poet blamed his enemy�此�
'。。。Full many a thing he knew�察�But knew them all badly。' ��A fragment
from the pseudo´Homeric poem�察�'Margites。'��
ALCIBIADES�此�How in the world�察�Socrates�察�do the words of the poet
apply to him�拭�They seem to me to have no bearing on the point whatever。
SOCRATES�此 �Quite the contrary�察 �my sweet friend�此 �only the poet is
talking in riddles after the fashion of his tribe。 For all poetry has by nature
an enigmatical character�察 �and it is by no means everybody who can
interpret it。 And if�察�moreover�察�the spirit of poetry happen to seize on a man
who is of a begrudging temper and does not care to manifest his wisdom
but keeps it to himself as far as he can�察�it does indeed require an almost
superhuman wisdom to discover what the poet would be at。 You surely do
not suppose that Homer�察�the wisest and most divine of poets�察�was unaware
of the impossibility of knowing a thing badly�此�for it was no less a person
than he who said of Margites that 'he knew many things�察�but knew them
all badly。' The solution of the riddle is this�察�I imagine��By 'badly' Homer
meant 'bad' and 'knew' stands for 'to know。' Put the words together��the
metre will suffer�察�but the poet's meaning is clear��'Margites knew all these
things�察�but it was bad for him to know them。' And�察�obviously�察�if it was bad
for him to know so many things�察�he must have been a good´for´ nothing�察�
unless the argument has played us false。
ALCIBIADES�此�But I do not think that it has�察�Socrates�此�at least�察�if the
argument is fallacious�察�it would be difficult for me to find another which I
could trust。
SOCRATES�此�And you are right in thinking so。
ALCIBIADES�此�Well�察�that is my opinion。
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SOCRATES�此 �But tell me�察 �by Heaven��you must see now the nature
and greatness of the difficulty in which you�察�like others�察�have your part。
For you change about in all directions�察�and never come to rest anywhere�此�
what you once most strongly inclined to suppose�察�you put aside again and
quite alter your mind。 If the God to whose shrine you are going should
appear at this moment�察 �and ask before you made your prayer�察 �'Whether
you would desire to have one of the things which we mentioned at first�察�or
whether he should leave you to make your own request��'what in either
case�察 �think you�察 �would be the best way to take advantage of the
opportunity�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此 �Indeed�察 �Socrates�察 �I could not answer you without
consideration。 It seems to me to be a wild thing ��The Homeric word
margos is said to be here employed in allusion to the quotation from the
'Margites' which Socrates has just made�察 �but it is not used in the sense
which it has in Homer。�� to make such a request�察 �a man must be very
careful lest he pray for evil under the idea that he is asking for good�察�when
shortly after he may have to recall his prayer�察 �and�察 �as you were saying�察�
demand the opposite of what he at first requested。
SOCRATES�此�And was not the poet whose words I originally quoted
wiser than we are�察 �when he bade us ��pray God�� to defend us from evil
even though we asked for it�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�I believe that you are right。
SOCRATES�此 �The Lacedaemonians�察 �too�察 �whether from admiration of
the poet or because they have discovered the idea for themselves�察�are wont
to offer the prayer alike in public and private�察�that the Gods will give unto
them the beautiful as well as the good��no one is likely to hear them make
any further petition。 And yet up to the present time they have not been less
fortunate than other men�察�or if they have sometimes met with misfortune�察�
the fault has not been due to their prayer。 For surely�察 �as I conceive�察 �the
Gods have power either to grant our requests�察�or to send us the contrary of
what we ask。
And now I will relate to you a story which I have heard from certain of
our elders。 It chanced that when the Athenians and Lacedaemonians were
at war�察�our city lost every battle by land and sea and never gained a victory。
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The Athenians being annoyed and perplexed how to find a remedy for
their troubles�察�decided to send and enquire at the shrine of Ammon。 Their
envoys were also to ask�察�'Why the Gods always granted the victory to the
Lacedaemonians��' 'We��' ��they were to say�撮� 'offer them more and finer
sacrifices than any other Hellenic state�察�and adorn their temples with gifts�察�
as nobody else does�察 �moreover�察 �we make the most solemn and costly
processions to them every year�察 �and spend more money in their service
than all the rest of the Hellenes put together。 But the Lacedaemonians take
no thought of such matters�察�and pay so little respect to the Gods that they
have a habit of sacrificing blemished animals to them�察�and in various ways
are less zealous than we are�察�although their wealth is quite equal to ours。'
When they had thus spoken�察 �and had made their request to know what
remedy they could find against the evils which troubled them�察�the prophet
made no direct answer��clearly because he was not allowed by the God to
do so��but he summoned them to him and said�此�'Thus saith Ammon to the
Athenians�此 �The silent worship of the Lacedaemonians pleaseth me better
than all the offerings of the other Hellenes。;' Such were the words of the
God�察�and nothing more。 He seems to have meant by 'silent worship' the
prayer of the Lacedaemonians�察�which is indeed widely different from the
usual requests of the Hellenes。 For they either bring to the altar bulls with
gilded horns or make offerings to the Gods�察�and beg at random for what
they need�察�good or bad。 When�察�therefore�察�the Gods hear them using words
of ill omen they reject these costly processions and sacrifices of theirs。
And we ought�察 �I think�察 �to be very careful and consider well what we
should say and what leave unsaid。 Homer�察�too�察�will furnish us with similar
stories。 For he tells us how the Trojans in making their encampment�察�
'Offered up whole hecatombs to the immortals��'
and how the 'sweet savour' was borne 'to the heavens by the winds�察�
'But the blessed Gods were averse and received it not。 For exceedingly
did they hate the
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
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