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alcibiades ii(唖櫛廉曳冉蟻帽)-及3何蛍
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than either you or I will say that we have no right to blame ignorance thus
rashly�察�unless we can add what ignorance we mean and of what�察�and also
to whom and how it is respectively a good or an evil�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�How do you mean�拭�Can ignorance possibly be better
than knowledge for any person in any conceivable case�拭�
SOCRATES�此�So I believe��you do not think so�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�Certainly not。
SOCRATES�此�And yet surely I may not suppose that you would ever
wish to act towards your mother as they say that Orestes and Alcmeon and
others have done towards their parent。
ALCIBIADES�此�Good words�察�Socrates�察�prithee。
SOCRATES�此�You ought not to bid him use auspicious words�察�who says
that you would not be willing to commit so horrible a deed�察�but rather him
who affirms the contrary�察 �if the act appear to you unfit even to be
mentioned。 Or do you think that Orestes�察 �had he been in his senses and
knew what was best for him to do�察�would ever have dared to venture on
such a crime�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�Certainly not。
SOCRATES�此�Nor would any one else�察�I fancy�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�No。
SOCRATES�此�That ignorance is bad then�察�it would appear�察�which is of
the best and does not know what is best�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�So I think�察�at least。
SOCRATES�此�And both to the person who is ignorant and everybody
else�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�Yes。
SOCRATES�此 �Let us take another case。 Suppose that you were
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suddenly to get into your head that it would be a good thing to kill Pericles�察�
your kinsman and guardian�察�and were to seize a sword and�察�going to the
doors of his house�察�were to enquire if he were at home�察�meaning to slay
only him and no one else��the servants reply�察�'Yes'�此。�Mind�察�I do not mean
that you would really do such a thing�察�but there is nothing�察�you think�察�to
prevent a man who is ignorant of the best�察�having occasionally the whim
that what is worst is best�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�No。��
SOCRATES��If�察 �then�察 �you went indoors�察 �and seeing him�察 �did not
know him�察�but thought that he was some one else�察�would you venture to
slay him�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�Most decidedly not ��it seems to me��。 ��These words are
omitted in several MSS。��
SOCRATES�此�For you designed to kill�察 �not the first who offered�察 �but
Pericles himself�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�Certainly。
SOCRATES�此�And if you made many attempts�察�and each time failed to
recognize Pericles�察�you would never attack him�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�Never。
SOCRATES�此�Well�察 �but if Orestes in like manner had not known his
mother�察�do you think that he would ever have laid hands upon her�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�No。
SOCRATES�此�He did not intend to slay the first woman he came across�察�
nor any one else's mother�察�but only his own�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�True。
SOCRATES�此 �Ignorance�察 �then�察 �is better for those who are in such a
frame of mind�察�and have such ideas�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�Obviously。
SOCRATES�此�You acknowledge that for some persons in certain cases
the ignorance of some things is a good and not an evil�察�as you formerly
supposed�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�I do。
SOCRATES�此�And there is still another case which will also perhaps
appear strange to you�察 �if you will consider it�拭 。�The reading is here
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uncertain。��
ALCIBIADES�此�What is that�察�Socrates�拭�
SOCRATES�此�It may be�察�in short�察�that the possession of all the sciences�察�
if unaccompanied by the knowledge of the best�察�will more often than not
injure the possessor。 Consider the matter thus��Must we not�察 �when we
intend either to do or say anything�察 �suppose that we know or ought to
know that which we propose so confidently to do or say�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�Yes�察�in my opinion。
SOCRATES�此�We may take the orators for an example�察�who from time
to time advise us about war and peace�察 �or the building of walls and the
construction of harbours�察�whether they understand the business in hand�察�or
only think that they do。 Whatever the city�察�in a word�察�does to another city�察�
or in the management of her own affairs�察�all happens by the counsel of the
orators。
ALCIBIADES�此�True。
SOCRATES�此�But now see what follows�察�if I can ��make it clear to you��。
��Some words appear to have dropped out here。�� You would distinguish the
wise from the foolish�拭�ALCIBIADES�此�Yes。
SOCRATES�此�The many are foolish�察�the few wise�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�Certainly。
SOCRATES�此 �And you use both the terms�察 �'wise' and 'foolish��' in
reference to something�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�I do。
SOCRATES�此�Would you call a person wise who can give advice�察�but
does not know whether or when it is better to carry out the advice�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�Decidedly not。
SOCRATES�此�Nor again�察�I suppose�察�a person who knows the art of war�察�
but does not know whether it is better to go to war or for how long�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�No。
SOCRATES�此�Nor�察�once more�察�a person who knows how to kill another
or to take away his property or to drive him from his native land�察�but not
when it is better to do so or for whom it is better�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�Certainly not。
SOCRATES�此�But he who understands anything of the kind and has at
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the same time the knowledge of the best course of action��and the best
and the useful are surely the same�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�Yes。
SOCRATES��Such an one�察 �I say�察 �we should call wise and a useful
adviser both of himself and of the city。 What do you think�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�I agree。
SOCRATES�此�And if any one knows how to ride or to shoot with the
bow or to box or to wrestle�察�or to engage in any other sort of contest or to
do anything whatever which is in the nature of an art��what do you call
him who knows what is best according to that art�拭�Do you not speak of
one who knows what is best in riding as a good rider�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�Yes。
SOCRATES�此�And in a similar way you speak of a good boxer or a
good flute´ player or a good performer in any other art�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�True。
SOCRATES�此�But is it necessary that the man who is clever in any of
these arts should be wise also in general�拭�Or is there a difference between
the clever artist and the wise man�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�All the difference in the world。
SOCRATES�此 �And what sort of a state do you think that would be
which was composed of good archers and flute´players and athletes and
masters in other arts�察 �and besides them of those others about whom we
spoke�察�who knew how to go to war and how to kill�察�as well as of orators
puffed up with political pride�察�but in which not one of them all had this
knowledge of the best�察�and there was no one who could tell when it was
better to apply any of these arts or in regard to whom�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�I should call such a state bad�察�Socrates。
SOCRATES�此 �You certainly would when you saw each of them
rivalling the other and esteeming that of the greatest importance in the
state�察�'Wherein he himself most excelled。' ��Euripides�察�Antiope。��
I mean that which was best in any art�察�while he was entirely ignorant
of what was best for himself and for the state�察�because�察�as I think�察�he trusts
to opinion which is devoid of intelligence。 In such a case should we not be
right if we said that the state would be full of anarchy and lawlessness�拭�
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ALCIBIADES�此�Decidedly。
SOCRATES�此�But ought we not then�察�think you�察�either to fancy that we
know or really to know�察�what we confidently propose to do or say�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�Yes。
SOCRATES�此�And if a person does that which he knows or supposes
that he knows�察�and the result is beneficial�察�he will act advantageously both
for himself and for the state�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�True。
SOCRATES�此 �And if he do the contrary�察 �both he and the state will
suffer�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�Yes。
SOCRATES�此�Well�察�and are you of the same mind�察�as before�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�I am。
SOCRATES�此�But were you not saying that you would call the many
unwise and the few wise�拭�
ALCIBIADES�此�I was。
SOCRATES�此�And have we no
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