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stories to tell to children(隅湧絞並)-及1何蛍

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                            Stories To Tell Children 



Stories To Tell Children 



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                                       Stories To Tell Children 



     Concerning the fundamental points of method in telling a story�察�I have 

little to add to the principles which I have already stated as necessary�察�in 

my opinion�察�in the book of which this is�察�in a way�察�the continuation。 But in 

the two years which have passed since that book was written�察�I have had 

the    happiness     of  working      on   stories   and   the   telling   of  them�察   �among 

teachers and students all over this country�察�and in that experience certain 

secondary points of method have come to seem more important�察�or at least 

more in need of emphasis�察�than they did before。 As so often happens�察�I had 

assumed that ;those things are taken for granted�察─�whereas�察�to the beginner 

or    the   teacher    not   naturally    a  story´teller�察   �the   secondary      or  implied 

technique   is   often   of   greater   difficulty   than   the   mastery   of   underlying 

principles。 The few suggestions which follow are of this practical�察�obvious 

kind。 

     Take your story seriously。 No matter how riotously absurd it is�察�or how 

full of inane repetition�察�remember�察�if it is good enough to tell�察�it is a real 

story�察�and must be treated with respect。 If you cannot feel so toward it�察�do 

not tell it。 Have faith in the story�察�and in the attitude of the children toward 

it   and   you。   If   you   fail   in   this�察  �the   immediate   result   will   be   a   touch   of 

shame´      facedness�察    �affecting     your   manner      unfavorably�察     �and�察  �probably�察�

influencing your accuracy and imaginative vividness。 

     Perhaps I can make the point clearer by telling you about one of the 

girls in a class which was studying stories last winter�察�I feel sure if she or 

any   of   her   fellow   students   recognizes   the   incident�察  �she   will   not   resent 

being   made   to   serve   the   good   cause�察  �even   in   the   unattractive   guise  of   a 

warning example。 

     A few members of the class had prepared the story of ;The Fisherman 

and his Wife。; The first girl called on was evidently inclined to feel that it 

was rather a foolish story。 She tried to tell it well�察�but there were parts of it 

which     produced      in  her   the  touch    of  shamefacedness         to  which    I  have 

referred。 

     When she came to the rhyme�察�

       ;O man of the sea�察�come�察�listen to me�察�For Alice�察�my wife�察�the plague 

of my life�察�Has sent me to beg a boon of thee�察─�

     she said it   rather  rapidly。  At   the  first   repetition  she  said   it   still   more 



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rapidly�察�the next time she came to the jingle she said it so fast and so low 

that it was unintelligible�察  �and the next recurrence  was too much for her。 

With a blush and a hesitating smile she said�察 �And he said that same thing�察�

you   know� ─  �Of   course   everybody   laughed�察  �and   of   course   the   thread   of 

interest and illusion was hopelessly broken for everybody。 

     Now�察�any one who chanced to hear Miss Shedlock tell that same story 

will    remember        that   the    absurd     rhyme     gave     great    opportunity      for 

expression�察�in its very repetition�察�each time that the fisherman came to the 

water's edge his chagrin and unwillingness was greater�察�and his summons 

to the magic fish mirrored his feeling。 The jingle IS foolish�察�that is a part 

of   the   charm。   But   if   the   person   who   tells   it   FEELS   foolish�察  �there   is   no 

charm at all� �It is the same principle which applies to any address to any 

assemblage�此�if the speaker has the air of finding what he has to say absurd 

or unworthy of effort�察�the audience naturally tends to follow his lead�察�and 

find it not worth listening to。 

     Let me urge�察�then�察�take your story seriously。 

     Next�察 �take your time。; This suggestion needs explaining�察�perhaps。 It 

does   not   mean   license   to   dawdle。   Nothing   is   much   more   annoying   in   a 

speaker than too great deliberateness�察�or than hesitation of speech。 But it 

means   a   quiet   realization   of   the   fact   that   the   floor   is   yours�察  �everybody 

wants   to   hear   you�察  �there   is   time   enough   for   every   point   and   shade   of 

meaning   and   no   one   will   think   the   story   too   long。   This   mental   attitude 

must underlie proper control of speed。 Never hurry。 A business´like leisure 

is the true attitude of the storyteller。 

     And the result is best attained by concentrating one's attention on the 

episodes   of   the   story。   Pass   lightly�察  �and   comparatively   swiftly�察  �over   the 

portions   between   actual   episodes�察 �but take   all   the time   you   need   for   the 

elaboration of those。 And above all�察�do not FEEL hurried。 

     The next suggestion is eminently plain and practical�察�if not an all too 

obvious one。 It is this�此�if all your preparation and confidence fails you at 

the    crucial    moment�察     �and    memory      plays    the   part   of   traitor   in  some 

particular�察    �if�察 �in  short�察 �you    blunder    on   a  detail   of   the  story�察  �NEVER 

ADMIT IT。 If it was an unimportant detail which you misstated�察�pass right 

on�察�accepting whatever you said�察�and continuing with it�察�if you have been 



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so unfortunate as to omit a fact which was a necessary link in the chain�察�

put    it  in�察 �later�察 �as  skillfully   as  you    can�察  �and   with    as  deceptive     an 

appearance of its being in the intended order�察�but never take the children 

behind     the   scenes�察   �and   let  them     hear   the   creaking    of   your   mental 

machinery。      You    must    be  infallible。   You   must    be  in   the  secret   of  the 

mystery�察    �and   admit    your    audience    on   somewhat       unequal    terms�察   �they 

should   have   no   creeping   doubts   as   to   your   complete   initiation   into   the 

secrets of the happenings you relate。 

     Plainly�察�there can be lapses of memory so complete�察�so all´embracing�察�

that frank failure is the only outcome�察�but these are so few as not to need 

consideration�察�when dealing with so simple material as that of children's 

stories。 There are times�察�too�察�before an adult audience�察�when a speaker can 

afford to let his hearers be amused with him over a chance mistake。 But 

with children it is most unwise to break the spell of the entertainment in 

that way。 Consider�察�in the matter of a detail of action or description�察�how 

absolutely unimportant the mere accuracy is�察�compared with the effect of 

smoothness and the enjoyment of the hearers。 They will not remember the 

detail�察�for good or evil�察�half so long as they will remember the fact that 

you did not know it。 So�察�for their sakes�察�as well as for the success of your 

story�察�cover your slips of memory�察�and let them be as if they were not。 

     And now I come to two points in method which have to do especially 

with humorous stories。 The first is the power of initiating the appreciation 

of the joke。 Every natural humorist does this by instinct and the value of 

the    power     to   story´teller    can   hardly    be   overestimated。       To   initiate 

appreciation      does   not   mean    that   one   necessarily    gives    way   to  mirth�察�

though even that is sometimes natural and effective�察�one merely feels the 

approach of the humorous climax�察�and subtly suggests to the hearers that it 

will soon be ;time to laugh。; The suggestion usually comes in the form of 

facial expression�察�and in the tone。 And children are so much simpler�察�and 

so   much   more   accustomed   to   following   another's   lead   than   their   elders�察�

that the expression can be much more outright and unguarded than would 

be permissible with a mature audience。 

     Children     like  to  feel   the  joke   coming�察    �in  this  way�察  �they   love   the 

anticipation of a laugh�察�and they will begin to dimple�察�often�察�at your first 



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                                       Stories To Tell Children 



unconscious   suggestion   of   humor。   If   it   is   lacking�察  �they   are   sometimes 

afraid   to   follow   their   own   instincts。   Especially   when   you   are   facing   an 

audience   of   grown   people   and   children   together�察  �you   will   find   that   the 

latter are very hesitant about initiating their own expression of humor。 It is 

more   difficult   to   make   them   forget   their   surroundings   then�察  �and   more 

desirable to give t
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