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history of the britons(下旋禽雰)-及4何蛍
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��London�В察�forty´seven years before the birth of Christ�察�and five thousand
two hundred and twelve years from the creation。
Julius was the first exercising supreme power over the Romans who
invaded Britain�此�in honour of him the Romans decreed the fifth month to
be called after his name。 He was assassinated in the Curia�察�in the ides of
March�察�and Octavius Augustus succeeded to the empire of the world。 He
was the only emperor who received tribute from the Britons�察�according to
the following verse of Virgil�此 �Purpurea intexti tollunt aulaea Britanni。;
21。 The second after him�察 �who came into Britain�察 �was the emperor
Claudius�察 �who reigned forty´seven years after the birth of Christ。 He
carried with him war and devastation�察�and�察�though not without loss of men�察�
he at length conquered Britain。 He next sailed to the Orkneys�察�which he
likewise conquered�察�and afterwards rendered tributary。 No tribute was in
his time received from the Britons�察�but it was paid to British emperors。 He
reigned thirteen years and eight months。 His monument is to be seen at
Moguntia ��among the Lombards���察�where he died in his way to Rome。
22。 After the birth of Christ�察�one hundred and sixty´seven years�察�king
Lucius�察 �with all the chiefs of the British people�察 �received baptism�察 �in
consequence of a legation sent by the Roman emperors and pope
Evaristus。* * V。R。 Eucharistus。 A marginal note in the Arundel MS。 adds�察�
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History Of The Britons
;He is wrong�察�because the first year of Evaristus was A。D。 79�察�whereas the
first year of Eleutherius�察�whom he ought to have named�察�was A。D。 161。;
Usher says�察�that in one MS。 of Nennius he found the name of Eleutherius。
23。 Severus was the third emperor who passed the sea to Britain�察�
where�察 �to protect the provinces recovered from barbaric incursions�察 �he
ordered a wall and a rampart to be made between the Britons�察�the Scots�察�
and the Picts�察�extending across the island from sea to sea�察�in length one
hundred and thirty´three miles�此 �and it is called in the British language
Gwal。* Moreover�察�he ordered it to be made between the Britons�察�and the
Picts and Scots�察�for the Scots from the west�察�and the Picts from the north�察�
unanimously made war against the Britons�察 �but were at peace among
themselves。 Not long after Severus dies in Britain。 *Or�察�the Wall。 One MS。
here adds�察 �The above´mentioned Severus constructed it of rude
workmanship in length 132 miles�察 �i。e。 from Penguaul�察 �which village is
called in Scottish Cenail�察 �in English Peneltun�察 �to the mouth of the river
Cluth and Cairpentaloch�察�where this wall terminates�察�but it was of no avail。
The emperor Carausius afterwards rebuilt it�察 �and fortified it with seven
castles between the two mouths�此�he built also a round house of polished
stones on the banks of the river Carun ��Carron�В此 �he likewise erected a
triumphal arch�察 �on which he inscribed his own name in memory of his
victory。
24。 The fourth was the emperor and tyrant�察�Carausius�察�who�察�incensed
at the murder of Severus�察�passed into Britain�察�and attended by the leaders
of the Roman people�察�severely avenged upon the chiefs and rulers of the
Britons�察�the cause of Severus。* * This passage is corrupt�察�the meaning is
briefly given in the translation。
25。 The fifth was Constantius the father of Constantine the Great。 He
died in Britain�察�his sepulchre�察�as it appears by the inscription on his tomb�察�
is still seen near the city named Cair segont ��near Carnarvon��。 Upon the
pavement of the above´mentioned city he sowed three seeds of gold�察�silver
and brass�察�that no poor person might ever be found in it。 It is also called
Minmanton。* * V。R。 Mirmantum�察 �Mirmantun�察 �Minmanto�察 �Minimantone。
The Segontium of Antoninus�察�situated on a small river named Seiont�察�near
Carnarvon。
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26。 Maximianus��1�А�was the sixth emperor that ruled in Britain。 It was
in his time that consuls��2�А�began�察�and that the appellation of Caesar was
discontinued�此 �at this period also�察 �St。 Martin became celebrated for his
virtues and miracles�察 �and held a conversation with him。 ��1�А �This is an
inaccuracy of Nennius�察�Maximus and Maximianus were one and the same
person�察�or rather no such person as Maximianus ever reigned in Britain。 ��2�А�
Geoffrey of Monmouth gives the title of consul to several British generals
who lived after this time。 It is not unlikely that the town�察 �name�察 �and
dignity�察 �still lingered in the provinces after the Romans were gone�察�
particularly as the cities of Britain maintained for a time a species of
independence。
27。 The seventh emperor was Maximus。 He withdrew from Britain
with all his military force�察 �slew Gratian�察 �the king of the Romans�察 �and
obtained the sovereignty of all Europe。 Unwilling to send back his warlike
companions to their wives�察 �children�察 �and possessions in Britain�察 �he
conferred upon them numerous districts from the lake on the summit of
Mons Jovis�察�to the city called Cant Guic�察�and to the western Tumulus�察�that
is�察 �to Cruc Occident。* These are the Armoric Britons�察 �and they remain
there to the present day。 In consequence of their absence�察 �Britain being
overcome by foreign nations�察 �the lawful heirs were cast out�察 �till God
interposed with his assistance。 We are informed by the tradition of our
ancestors that seven emperors went into Britain�察 �though the Romans
affirm there were nine。 * This district�察�in modern language�察�extended from
the great St。 Bernard in Piedmont to Cantavic in Picardy�察�and from Picardy
to the western coast of France。
28。 Thus�察�aggreeably to the account given by the Britons�察�the Romans
governed them four hundred and nine years。
After this�察�the Britons despised the authority of the Romans�察 �equally
refusing to pay them tribute�察 �or to receive their kings�察 �nor durst the
Romans any longer attempt the government of a country�察 �the natives of
which massacred their deputies。
29。 We must now return to the tyrant Maximus。 Gratian�察 �with his
brother Valentinian�察�reigned seven years。 Ambrose�察�bishop of Milan�察�was
then eminent for his skill in the dogmata of the Catholics。 Valentinianus
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History Of The Britons
and Theodosius reigned eight years。 At that time a synod was held at
Constantinople�察�attended by three hundred and fifty of the fathers�察�and in
which all heresies were condemned。 Jerome�察�the presbyter of Bethlehem�察�
was then universally celebrated。 Whilst Gratian exercised supreme
dominion over the world�察 �Maximus�察 �in a sedition of the soldiers�察 �was
saluted emperor in Britain�察�and soon after crossed the sea to Gaul。 At Paris�察�
by the treachery of Mellobaudes�察 �his master of the horse�察 �Gratian was
defeated and fleeing to Lyons�察 �was taken and put to death�察 �Maximus
afterwards associated his son victor in the government。
Martin�察�distinguished for his great virtues�察�was at this period bishop of
Tours。 After a considerable space of time�察�Maximus was divested of royal
power by the consuls Valentinianus and Theodosius�察�and sentenced to be
beheaded at the third mile´stone from Aquileia�此�in the same year also his
son Victor was killed in Gaul by Arbogastes�察 �five thousand six hundred
and ninety years from the creation of the world。
30。 Thrice were the Roman deputies put to death by the Britons�察�and
yet these�察�when harassed by the incursions of the barbarous nations�察�viz。
Of the Scots and Picts�察�earnestly solicited the aid of the Romans。 To give
effect to their entreaties�察�ambassadors were sent�察�who made their entrance
with impressions of deep sorrow�察 �having their heads covered with dust�察�
and carrying rich presents�察 �to expiate the murder of the deputies。 They
were favourably received by the
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