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the soul of the far east(垓叫議痩至)-及5何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��



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                                    The Soul of the Far East 



historically�察�but psychologically�察�as one might perceive�察�were he but wise 

enough�察�in an acorn�察�besides the nut itself�察�two oaks�察�that one from which 

it fell�察�and that other which from it will rise。             These three states�察�which 

we may call its potential past�察�present�察�and future�察�may be observed and 

studied in three special outgrowths of a race's character�此�in its language�察�in 

its   every´day   thoughts�察  �and      in  its   religion。  For   in   the   language   of    a 

people we find embalmed the spirit of its past�察�in its every´day thoughts�察�

be they of arts or sciences�察�is wrapped up its present life�察�in its religion lie 

enfolded its dreamings of a future。            From out each of these three subjects 

in the Far East impersonality stares us in the face。 Upon this quality as a 

foundation rests the Far Oriental character。              It is individually rather than 

nationally that I propose to scan it now。 It is the action of a particle in the 

wave of world´development I would watch�察�rather than the propagation of 

the wave itself。 Inferences about the movement of the whole will follow of 

themselves a knowledge of the motion of its parts。 

     But before we attack the subject esoterically�察�let us look a moment at 

the man as he appears in his relation to the community。                     Such a glance 

will   suggest   the   peculiar   atmosphere   of   impersonality   that   pervades   the 

people。 

     However lacking in cleverness�察�in merit�察�or in imagination a man may 

be�察�there   are   in our Western   world�察�if his   existence there be   so   much   as 

noticed at all�察�three occasions on which he appears in print。 His birth�察�his 

marriage�察     �and   his   death   are   all  duly   chronicled     in   type�察  �perhaps    as 

sufficiently  typical of   the   general   unimportance   of   his life。        Mention   of 

one's birth�察�it is true�察�is an aristocratic privilege�察�confined to the world of 

English society。       In democratic America�察�no doubt because all men there 

are   supposed   to   be   born   free   and   equal�察  �we   ignore   the   first   event�察  �and 

mention   only  the  last   two   episodes�察 �about   which   our   national   astuteness 

asserts no such effacing equality。 

     Accepting   our   newspaper   record   as   a   fair   enough   summary   of   the 

biography      of   an  average     man�察   �let  us  look   at  these   three   momentous 

occasions in the career of a Far Oriental。 



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                                     The Soul of the Far East 



                     CHAPTER 2。                               Family。 



     In the first place�察�then�察�the poor little Japanese baby is ushered into this 

world   in   a   sadly   impersonal   manner�察  �for   he   is   not   even   accorded   the 

distinction   of   a   birthday。     He   is   permitted   instead   only   the   much   less 

special honor  of a birth´year。           Not   that he   begins his separate   existence 

otherwise than is the custom of mortals generally�察�at a definite instant of 

time�察�but that very little subsequent notice is ever taken of the fact。                      On 

the contrary�察�from the moment he makes his appearance he is spoken of as 

a year old�察�and this same age he continues to be considered in most simple 

ease   of   calculation�察  �till   the   beginning   of   the   next   calendar   year。   When 

that   epoch   of   general   rejoicing   arrives�察  �he   is   credited   with   another   year 

himself。      So is everybody  else。          New Year's day  is a common   birthday 

for the community�察�a sort of impersonal anniversary for his whole world。 

A     like   reckoning       is  followed       in   China     and    Korea。       Upon       the 

disadvantages   of   being   considered   from   one's   birth   up   at   least   one   year 

and    possibly     two   older    than   one   really   is�察 �it  lies  beyond     our   present 

purpose to expatiate。         It is quite evident that woman has had no voice in 

the framing of such a chronology。                One would hardly imagine that man 

had either�察�so astronomic is the system。                A communistic age is however 

but   an   unavoidable   detail   of   the   general   scheme   whose   most   suggestive 

feature     consists     in  the   subordination       of   the   actual    birthday     of   the 

individual   to   the   fictitious   birthday   of   the   community。       For   it   is   not   so 

much the want of commemoration shown the subject as the character of 

the   commemoration   which   is   significant。           Some   slight   notice   is   indeed 

paid to birthdays during early childhood�察�but even then their observance is 

quite secondary in importance to that of the great impersonal anniversaries 

of   the   third   day   of   the   third   moon   and   the   fifth   day   of   the   fifth   moon。 

These   two   occasions   celebrated   the   coming   of   humanity   into   the   world 

with   an   impersonality   worthy   of   the   French   revolutionary   calendar。   The 

first of them is called the festival of girls�察�and commemorates the birth of 

girls generally�察�the advent of the universal feminine�察�as one may say。                      The 

second is a corresponding anniversary for boys。 Owing to its sex�察�the latter 

is the greater event of the two�察�and in consequence of its most conspicuous 



                                                  15 


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                                    The Soul of the Far East 



feature     is  styled   the   festival   of  fishes。    The    fishes    are  hollow     paper 

images of the ;tai; from four to six feet in length�察�tied to the top of a long 

pole   planted   in   the   ground   and   tipped   with   a   gilded   ball。  Holes   in   the 

paper at the mouth and the tail enable the wind to inflate the body so that it 

floats   about   horizontally�察  �swaying   hither   and   thither�察  �and   tugging   at   the 

line   after   the   manner   of   a   living   thing。 The   fish   are   emblems   of   good 

luck�察�and are set up in the courtyard of every house where a son has been 

born     during     the   year。    On     this   auspicious      day   Tokio     is  suddenly 

transformed into eighty square miles of aquarium。 

     For any more personal purpose New Year's day eclipses all particular 

anniversaries。        Then      everybody       congratulates      everybody       else    upon 

everything       in   general�察    �and    incidentally      upon     being    alive。      Such 

substitution   of   an   abstract   for   a   concrete   birthday�察  �although   exceedingly 

convenient   for   others�察  �must   at   least   conduce   to   self´forgetfulness   on   the 

part of its proper possessor�察�and tend inevitably to merge the identity of the 

individual in that of the community。 

     It fares hardly better with the Far Oriental in the matter of marriage。 

Although he is�察�as we might think�察�the person most interested in the result�察�

he is permitted no say in the affair whatever。               In fact�察�it is not his affair at 

all�察�but his father's。 His hand is simply made a cat's´paw of。                    The matter 

is entirely a business transaction�察�entered into by the parent and conducted 

through      regular   marriage      brokers。    In    it  he  plays   only    the  part   of  a 

marionette。       His revenge for being thus bartered out of what might be the 

better    half   of   his   life�察 �he   takes    eventually     on   the   next    succeeding 

generation。 

     His death may be said to be the most important act of his whole life。 

For then only can his personal existence be properly considered to begin。 

By it he joins the great company of ancestors who are to these people of 

almost more consequence than living folk�察�and of much more individual 

distinction。      Particularly is this the case in China and Korea�察�but the same 

respect�察�though in a somewhat less rigid form�察�is paid the dead in Japan。 

Then at last the individual receives that recognition which was denied him 

in the flesh。 In Japan a mortuary tablet is set up to him in the house and 

duly  worshipped�察  �on   the  continent   the  ancestors   are given   a  dwelling of 



                                                 16 


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                                     The Soul of the Far East 



their own�察�and even more devotedly reverenced。                      But in both places the 

cult   is   anything   but   funereal。     For   the   ancestral   tombs   are   temples   and 

pleasure   pavilions   at   the   same   time�察  �consecrated   not   simply   to   rites   and 

ceremonies�察 �but to   family  gatherings and   general   jollification。                And
卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��