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statesman-及3何蛍

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collective rearing

of herds into two corresponding parts�察�the one the rearing of water��

and the other the rearing of land herds��

  Y。 Soc。 Yes。

  Str。 There is surely no need to ask which of these two contains

the royal art�察�for it is evident to everybody。

  Y。 Soc。 Certainly。

  Str。 Any one can divide the herds which feed on dry land��

  Y。 Soc。 How would you divide them��

  Str。 I should distinguish between those which fly and those which

walk。

  Y。 Soc。 Most true。

  Str。 And where shall we look for the political animal�拭�Might not

an idiot�察�so to speak�察�know that he is a pedestrian��

  Y。 Soc。 Certainly。

  Str。 The art of managing the walking animal has to be further

divided�察�just as you might have an even number。

  Y。 Soc。 Clearly。

  Str。 Let me note that here appear in view two ways to that part or

class which the argument aims at reaching´the one is speedier way��

which cuts off a small portion and leaves a large�察�the other agrees

better with the principle which we were laying down�察�that as 

far as we

can we should divide in the middle�察�but it is longer。 We can take

either of them�察�whichever we please。

  Y。 Soc。 Cannot we have both ways��

  Str。 Together�拭�What a thing to ask� �but�察�if you take them in turn��

you clearly may。

  Y。 Soc。 Then I should like to have them in turn。

  Str。 There will be no difficulty�察�as we are near the end�察�if we

had been at the beginning�察�or in the middle�察�I should have 

demurred to

your request�察�but now�察�in accordance with your desire�察�let us begin

with the longer way�察�while we are fresh�察�we shall get on better。 And

now attend to the division。

  Y。 Soc。 Let me hear。

  Str。 The tame walking herding animals are distributed by 

nature into

two classes。

  Y。 Soc。 Upon what principle��

  Str。 The one grows horns�察�and the other is without horns。

  Y。 Soc。 Clearly。

  Str。 Suppose that you divide the science which manages pedestrian

animals into two corresponding parts�察�and define them�察�for if you

try to invent names for them�察�you will find the intricacy too great。

  Y。 Soc。 How must I speak of them�察�then��

  Str。 In this way�此�let the science of managing pedestrian animals

be divided into two parts and one part assigned to the 

horned herd and

the other to the herd that has no horns。

  Y。 Soc。 All that you say has been abundantly proved�察�and may

therefore�察�be assumed。

  Str。 The king is clearly the shepherd a polled herd�察�who have no

horns。

  Y。 Soc。 That is evident。

  Str。 Shall we break up this hornless herd into sections�察�and

endeavour to assign to him what is his��

  Y。 Soc。 By all means。

  Str。 Shall we distinguish them by their having or not having

cloven feet�察�or by their mixing or not mixing the breed�拭�You 

know what

I mean。

  Y。 Soc。 What��

  Str。 I mean that horses and asses naturally breed from one another。

  Y。 Soc。 Yes。

  Str。 But the remainder of the hornless herd of tame 

animals will not

mix the breed。

  Y。 Soc。 Very true。

  Str。 And of which has the Statesman charge�察�of the mixed or of the

unmixed race��

  Y。 Soc。 Clearly of the unmixed。

  Str。 I suppose that we must divide this again as before。

  Y。 Soc。 We must。

  Str。 Every tame and herding animal has now been split up�察�with the

exception of two species�察�for I hardly think that dogs should be

reckoned among gregarious animals。

  Y。 Soc。 Certainly not�察�but how shall we divide the two remaining

species��

  Str。 There is a measure of difference which may be appropriately

employed by you and Theaetetus�察�who are students of geometry。

  Y。 Soc。 What is that��

  Str。 The diameter�察�and�察�again�察�the diameter of a diameter。

  Y。 Soc。 What do you mean��

  Str。 How does man walk�察�but as a diameter whose power is two feet��

  Y。 Soc。 Just so。

  Str。 And the power of the remaining kind�察�being the power of twice

two feet�察�may be said to be the diameter of our diameter。

  Y。 Soc。 Certainly�察�and now I think that I pretty nearly understand

you。

  Str。 In these divisions�察�Socrates�察�I descry what would make

another famous jest。

  Y。 Soc。 What is it��

  Str。 Human beings have come out in the same class with the freest

and airiest of creation�察�and have been running a race with them。

  Y。 Soc。 I remark that very singular coincidence。

  Str。 And would you not expect the slowest to arrive last��

  Y。 Soc。 Indeed I should。

  Str。 And there is a still more ridiculous consequence�察�

that the king

is found running about with the herd and in close 

competition with the

bird´catcher�察�who of all mankind is most of an adept at the 

airy life。

  Y。 Soc。 Certainly。

  Str。 Then here�察�Socrates�察�is still clearer evidence of the truth

of what was said in the enquiry about the Sophist��

  Y。 Soc。 What��

  Str。 That the dialectical method is no respecter of persons�察�and

does not set the great above the small�察�but always arrives in her

own way at the truest result。

  Y。 Soc。 Clearly。

  Str。 And now�察�I will not wait for you to ask the�察�but will 

of my own

accord take you by the shorter road to the definition of a king。

  Y。 Soc。 By all means。

  Str。 I say that we should have begun at first by dividing land

animals into biped and quadruped�察�and since the winged herd�察�and

that alone�察�comes out in the same class with man�察�should 

divide bipeds

into those which have feathers and those which have not�察�and 

when they

have been divided�察�and the art of the management of mankind 

is brought

to light�察�the time will have come to produce our Statesman and

ruler�察�and set him like a charioteer in his place�察�and hand over to

him the reins of state�察�for that too is a vocation which belongs to

him。

  Y。 Soc。 Very good�察�you have paid me the debt´I mean�察�that you have

completed the argument�察�and I suppose that you added the 

digression by

way of interest。

  Str。 Then now�察�let us go back to the beginning�察�and join the

links�察�which together make the definition of the name of the

Statesman's art。

  Y。 Soc。 By all means。

  Str。 The science of pure knowledge had�察�as we said originally�察�a

part which was the science of rule or command�察�and from this was

derived another part�察�which was called command´for´self�察�on the

analogy of selling´for´self�察�an important section of this was the

management of living animals�察�and this again was further limited to

the manage merit of them in herds�察�and again in herds of pedestrian

animals。 The chief division of the latter was the art of managing

pedestrian animals which are without horns�察�this again has a part

which can only be comprehended under one term by joining together

three names´shepherding pure´bred animals。 The only further

subdivision is the art of man herding´this has to do with bipeds��

and is what we were seeking after�察�and have now found�察�being at once

the royal and political。

  Y。 Soc。 To be sure。

  Str。 And do you think�察�Socrates�察�that we really have done as you

say��

  Y。 Soc。 What��

  Str。 Do you think�察�I mean�察�that we have really fulfilled our

intention�拭�There has been a sort of discussion�察�and yet the

investigation seems to me not to be perfectly worked out�此�this is

where the enquiry fails。

  Y。 Soc。 I do not understand。

  Str。 I will try to make the thought�察�which is at this 

moment present

in my mind�察�clearer to us both。

  Y。 Soc。 Let me hear。

  Str。 There were many arts of shepherding�察�and one of them was the

political�察�which had the charge of one particular herd��

  Y。 Soc。 Yes。

  Str。 And this the argument defined to be the art of rearing�察�not

horses or other brutes�察�but the art of rearing man collectively��

  Y。 Soc。 True。

  Str。 Note�察�however�察�a difference which distinguishes the king from

all other shepherds。

  Y。 Soc。 To what do you refer��

  Str。 I want to ask�察�whether any one of the other herdsmen has a

rival who professes and claims to share with him in the management

of the herd��

  Y。 Soc。 What do you mean��

  Str。 I mean to say that merchants husbandmen�察�providers of 

food�察�and

also training´masters and physicians�察�will all contend with the

herdsmen of humanity�察�whom we call Statesmen�察�declaring that they

themselves have the care of rearing of managing mankind�察�and 

that they

rear not only the common herd�察�but also the rulers themselves。

  Y。 Soc。 Are they not right in saying so��

  Str。 Very likely they may be�察�and we will consider their claim。

But we are certain of this�察�that no one will raise a similar claim

as against the herdsman�察�who is allowed on all hands to be the sole

and only feeder and physician of his herd�察�he is also their 

matchmaker

and accoucheur�察�no one else knows that department of science。 And he

is their merry´maker and musician�察�as far as their nature is

susceptible of such influences�察�and no one can console and soothe

his own herd better than he can�察�either with the natural tones of

his voice or with instruments。 And the same may be said of tenders

of animals in general。

  Y。 Soc。 Very true。

  Str。 But if this is as you say�察�can our argument about the king be

true and unimpeachable�拭�Were we right in selecting him out of ten

thousand other claimants to be the sheph
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