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酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��
light of the sun above�察�and these are they who become noble kings
and mighty men and great in wisdom and are called saintly heroes in
after ages。; The soul�察�then�察�as being immortal�察�and having been born
again many times�察�rand having seen all things that exist�察�whether in
this world or in the world below�察�has knowledge of them all�察�and it is
no wonder that she should be able to call to remembrance all that
she ever knew about virtue�察�and about everything�察�for as all nature is
akin�察�and the soul has learned all things�察�there is no difficulty in
her eliciting or as men say learning�察�out of a single recollection
´all the rest�察�if a man is strenuous and does not faint�察�for all
enquiry and all learning is but recollection。 And therefore we ought
not to listen to this sophistical argument about the impossibility
of enquiry�此�for it will make us idle�察�and is sweet only to the
sluggard�察�but the other saying will make us active and inquisitive。 In
that confiding�察�I will gladly enquire with you into the nature of
virtue。
Men。 Yes�察�Socrates�察�but what do you mean by saying that we do not
learn�察�and that what we call learning is only a process of
recollection�拭�Can you teach me how this is��
Soc。 I told you�察�Meno�察�just now that you were a rogue�察�and now you
ask whether I can teach you�察�when I am saying that there is no
teaching�察�but only recollection�察�and thus you imagine that you will
involve me in a contradiction。
Men。 Indeed�察�Socrates�察�I protest that I had no such intention。 I
only asked the question from habit�察�but if you can prove to me that
what you say is true�察�I wish that you would。
Soc。 It will be no easy matter�察�but I will try to please you to
the utmost of my power。 Suppose that you call one of your numerous
attendants�察�that I may demonstrate on him。
Men。 Certainly。 Come hither�察�boy。
Soc。 He is Greek�察�and speaks Greek�察�does he not��
Men。 Yes�察�indeed�察�he was born in the house。
Soc。 Attend now to the questions which I ask him�察�and observe
whether he learns of me or only remembers。
Men。 I will。
Soc。 Tell me�察�boy�察�do you know that a figure like this is a square��
Boy。 I do。
Soc。 And you know that a square figure has these four lines equal��
Boy。 Certainly。
Soc。 And these lines which I have drawn through the middle of the
square are also equal��
Boy。 Yes。
Soc。 A square may be of any size��
Boy。 Certainly。
Soc。 And if one side of the figure be of two feet�察�and the other
side be of two feet�察�how much will the whole be�拭�Let me explain�此�if in
one direction the space was of two feet�察�and in other direction of one
foot�察�the whole would be of two feet taken once��
Boy。 Yes。
Soc。 But since this side is also of two feet�察�there are twice two
feet��
Boy。 There are。
Soc。 Then the square is of twice two feet��
Boy。 Yes。
Soc。 And how many are twice two feet�拭�count and tell me。
Boy。 Four�察�Socrates。
Soc。 And might there not be another square twice as large as this��
and having like this the lines equal��
Boy。 Yes。
Soc。 And of how many feet will that be��
Boy。 Of eight feet。
Soc。 And now try and tell me the length of the line which forms
the side of that double square�此�this is two feet´what will that be��
Boy。 Clearly�察�Socrates�察�it will be double。
Soc。 Do you observe�察�Meno�察�that I am not teaching the boy
anything�察�but only asking him questions�察�and now he fancies that he
knows how long a line is necessary in order to produce a figure of
eight square feet�察�does he not��
Men。 Yes。
Soc。 And does he really know��
Men。 Certainly not。
Soc。 He only guesses that because the square is double�察�the line
is double。
Men。 True。
Soc。 Observe him while he recalls the steps in regular order。 ��To
the Boy。�� Tell me�察�boy�察�do you assert that a double space comes from a
double line�拭�Remember that I am not speaking of an oblong�察�but of a
figure equal every way�察�and twice the size of this´that is to say of
eight feet�察�and I want to know whether you still say that a double
square comes from double line��
Boy。 Yes。
Soc。 But does not this line become doubled if we add another such
line here��
Boy。 Certainly。
Soc。 And four such lines will make a space containing eight feet��
Boy。 Yes。
Soc。 Let us describe such a figure�此�Would you not say that this is
the figure of eight feet��
Boy。 Yes。
Soc。 And are there not these four divisions in the figure�察�each of
which is equal to the figure of four feet��
Boy。 True。
Soc。 And is not that four times four��
Boy。 Certainly。
Soc。 And four times is not double��
Boy。 No�察�indeed。
Soc。 But how much��
Boy。 Four times as much。
Soc。 Therefore the double line�察�boy�察�has given a space�察�not twice��
but four times as much。
Boy。 True。
Soc。 Four times four are sixteen´are they not��
Boy。 Yes。
Soc。 What line would give you a space of right feet�察�as this gives
one of sixteen feet�察�do you see��
Boy。 Yes。
Soc。 And the space of four feet is made from this half line��
Boy。 Yes。
Soc。 Good�察�and is not a space of eight feet twice the size of
this�察�and half the size of the other��
Boy。 Certainly。
Soc。 Such a space�察�then�察�will be made out of a line greater than
this one�察�and less than that one��
Boy。 Yes�察�I think so。
Soc。 Very good�察�I like to hear you say what you think。 And now
tell me�察�is not this a line of two feet and that of four��
Boy。 Yes。
Soc。 Then the line which forms the side of eight feet ought to be
more than this line of two feet�察�and less than the other of four feet��
Boy。 It ought。
Soc。 Try and see if you can tell me how much it will be。
Boy。 Three feet。
Soc。 Then if we add a half to this line of two�察�that will be the
line of three。 Here are two and there is one�察�and on the other side��
here are two also and there is one�此�and that makes the figure of which
you speak��
Boy。 Yes。
Soc。 But if there are three feet this way and three feet that way��
the whole space will be three times three feet��
Boy。 That is evident。
Soc。 And how much are three times three feet��
Boy。 Nine。
Soc。 And how much is the double of four��
Boy。 Eight。
Soc。 Then the figure of eight is not made out of a of three��
Boy。 No。
Soc。 But from what line�拭�tell me exactly�察�and if you would rather
not reckon�察�try and show me the line。
Boy。 Indeed�察�Socrates�察�I do not know。
Soc。 Do you see�察�Meno�察�what advances he has made in his power of
recollection�拭�He did not know at first�察�and he does not know now�察�what
is the side of a figure of eight feet�此�but then he thought that he
knew�察�and answered confidently as if he knew�察�and had no difficulty��
now he has a difficulty�察�and neither knows nor fancies that he knows。
Men。 True。
Soc。 Is he not better off in knowing his ignorance��
Men。 I think that he is。
Soc。 If we have made him doubt�察�and given him the ;torpedo's shock�察�
have we done him any harm��
Men。 I think not。
Soc。 We have certainly�察�as would seem�察�assisted him in some degree
to the discovery of the truth�察�and now he will wish to remedy his
ignorance�察�but then he would have been ready to tell all the world
again and again that the double space should have a double side。
Men。 True。
Soc。 But do you suppose that he would ever have enquired into or
learned what he fancied that he knew�察�though he was really ignorant of
it�察�until he had fallen into perplexity under the idea that he did not
know�察�and had desired to know��
Men。 I think not�察�Socrates。
Soc。 Then he was the better for the torpedo's touch��
Men。 I think so。
Soc。 Mark now the farther development。 I shall only ask him�察�and not
teach him�察�and he shall share the enquiry with me�此�and do you watch
and see if you find me telling or explaining anything to him��
instead of eliciting his opinion。 Tell me�察�boy�察�is not this a square
of four feet which I have drawn��
Boy。 Yes。
Soc。 And now I add another square equal to the former one��
Boy。 Yes。
Soc。 And a third�察�which is equal to either of them��
Boy。 Yes。
Soc。 Suppose that we fill up the vacant corner��
Boy。 Very good。
Soc。 Here�察�then�察�there are four equal spaces��
Boy。 Yes。
Soc。 And how many times larger is this space than this other��
Boy。 Four times。
Soc。 But it ought to have been twice only�察�as you will remember。
Boy。 True。
Soc。 And does not this line�察�reaching from corner to corner��
bisect each of these spaces��
Boy。 Yes。
Soc。 And are there not here four equal lines which contain this
space��
Boy。 There are。
Soc。 Look and
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
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