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                  SCIENCE OF LOGIC

                                     by Hegel



                  TABLE OF CONTENTS


Preface to the First Edition
Preface to the Second Edition 

Introduction�此�General Notion of Logic
Introduction�此�General Division of Logic 

       VOLUME ONE�此�THE OBJECTIVE LOGIC

         BOOK ONE�此�THE DOCTRINE OF BEING

With What must Science Begin�拭�

General Division of Being 



  Section One�此�Determinateness ��Quality��

Chapter 1 Being

     A Being

     B Nothing

     C Becoming

          1。 Unity of Being and Nothing 

          2。 Moments of Becoming�此�Coming´to´be and Ceasing´to´be 

          3。 Sublation of Becoming 

Chapter 2 Determinate Being

     A Determinate Being as Such

          ��a�� Determinate Being in General 

          ��b�� Quality 

          ��c�� Something

     B Finitude

          ��a�� Something and Other 

          ��b�� Determination�察�Constitution and Limit 

          ��c�� Finitude

               ��a�А�The Immediacy of Finitude

               ��b�А�Limitation and the Ought

               ��c�А�Transition of the Finite into the Infinite

     C Infinity

          ��a�� The Infinite in General 

          ��b�� Alternating Determination of the Finite and the Infinite 

          ��c�� Affirmative Infinity

     Transition 

Chapter 3 Being´for´self

     A Being´for´self as such

          ��a�� Determinate Being and Being´for´self 

          ��b�� Being´for´one 

          ��c�� The One

     B The One and the Many

          ��a�� The One in its own self

          ��b�� The One and the Void

          ��c�� Many Ones ´ Repulsion

     C Repulsion and Attraction

          ��a�� Exclusion of the One

          ��b�� The one One of Attraction

          ��c�� The Relation of Repulsion and Attraction



       Section Two�此�Magnitude ��Quantity��

Chapter 1 Quantity

     A Pure Quantity

     B Continuous and Discrete Magnitude 

     C Limitation of Quantity

Chapter 2 Quantum

     A Number

     B Extensive and Intensive Quantum

          ��a�� Their Difference

          ��b�� Identity of Extensive and Intensive Magnitude

          ��c�� Alteration of Quantum

     C Quantitative Infinity

          ��a�� Its Notion

          ��b�� The Qualitative Infinite Progress 

          ��c�� The Infinity of Quantum

Chapter 3 The Quantitative Relation or Quantiative Ratio

     A The Direct Ratio

     B Inverse Ratio

     C The Ratio of Powers



                Section Three�此�Measure

Chapter 1 Specific Quantity

     A The Specific Quantum

     B Specifying Measure

          ��a�� The Rule

          ��b�� Specifying Measure

          ��c�� Relation of the Two Sides as Qualities

     C Being´for´self in Measure

Chapter 2 Real Measure

     A The Relation of Self´Subsistent Measures

          ��a�� Combination of Two Measures 

          ��b�� Measure of a Series of Measure Relations

          ��c�� Elective Affinity

     B Nodal Line of Measure Relations

     C The Measureless

Chapter 3 The Becoming of Essence

     A Absolute Indifference

     B Indifference as an Inverse Ration of its Factors

     C Transition into Essence



       BOOK TWO�此�THE DOCTRINE OF ESSENCE



      Section One�此�Essence as Reflection
                          Within Itself

Chapter 1 Illusory Being ��Semblance��

     A The Essential and the Unessential

     B Illusory Being

     C Reflection

          ��a�� Positing Reflection

          ��b�� External Reflection

          ��c�� Determining Reflection

Chapter 2 The Essentialities or Determinations of Reflection

     A Identity 

     B Difference

          ��a�� Absolute Difference

          ��b�� Diversity 

          ��c�� Opposition

     C Contradiction 

Chapter 3 Ground

     A Absolute Ground

          ��a�� Form and Essence

          ��b�� Form and Matter

          ��c�� Form and Content

     B Determinate Ground

          ��a�� Formal Ground 

          ��b�� Real Ground 

          ��c�� The Complete Ground

     C Condition

          ��a�� The Relatively Unconditioned

          ��b�� The Absolutely Unconditioned

          ��c�� The Emergence of the Fact into Existence



               Section Two�此�Appearance

Chapter 1 Existence

     A The Thing and its Properties 

          ��a�� Thing´in´itself and Existence 

          ��b�� Property 

          ��c�� The Reciprocal Action of Things

     B The Constitution of the Thing out of Matters 

     C Dissolution of the Thing 

Chapter 2 Appearance

     A The Law of Appearance 

     B The World of Appearance and the World´in´itself 

     C Disslution of Appearance 

Chapter 3 The Essential Relation

     A The Relation of Whole and Parts 

     B The Relation of Force and its Expression 

          ��a�� The Conditionedness of Force 

          ��b�� The Solicitation of Force 

          ��c�� The Infinity of Force

     C Relation of Outer and Inner 



                Section Three�此�Actuality

Chapter 1 The Absolute

     A The Exposition of the Absolute 

     B The Absolute Attribute 

     C The Mode of the Absolute 

Chapter 2 Actuality

     A Contingency�察�or Formal Actuality�察�Possibility and Necessity 

     B Relative Necessity�察�or Real Actuality�察�Possibility and Necessity 

     C Absolute Necessity 

Chapter 3 The Absolute Relation

     A The Relation of Substantiality 

     B The Relation of Causality 

          ��a�� Formal Causality 

          ��b�� The Determinate Relation of Causality 

          ��c�� Action and Reaction

     C Reciprocity 


         VOLUME TWO�此�SUBJECTIVE LOGIC

                 THE DOCTRINE OF THE NOTION

          The Notion in General 

          Division 



               Section One�此�Subjectivity

Chapter 1 The Notion

     A The Universal Notion 

     B The Particular Notion 

     C The Individual 

Chapter 2 The Judgment

     A The Judgement of Existence 

          ��a�� The Positive Judgment 

          ��b�� The Negative Judgment 

          ��c�� The Infinite Judgment

     B The Judgment of Reflection 

          ��a�� The Singular Judgment 

          ��b�� The Particular Judgment 

          ��c�� The Universal Judgment 

     C The Judgment of Necessity 

          ��a�� The Categorical Judgment 

          ��b�� The Hyopthetical Judgment 

          ��c�� The Disjunctive Judgment 

     D The Judgment of the Notion 

          ��a�� The Assertoric Judgment 

          ��b�� The Problematic Judgment 

          ��c�� The Apodetic Judgment 

Chapter 3 The Syllogism

     A The Syllogism of Existence 

          ��a�� First Figure of the Syllogism 

          ��b�� The Seond Figure P´I´U 

          ��c�� The Third Figure I´U´P 

          ��d�� The Fourth Figure U´U´U 

     B The Syllogism of Reflection 

          ��a�� The Syllogism of Allness 

          ��b�� The Syllogism of Induction 

          ��c�� The Syllogism of Analogy 

     C The Syllogism of Necessity 

          ��a�� The Categorical Syllogism 

          ��b�� The Hypothetical Syllogism 

          ��c�� The Disjunctive Syllogism 



               Section Two�此�Objectivity

Chapter 1 Mechanism

     A The Mechanical Object 

     B The Mechanical Process 

          ��a�� The Formal Mechanical Process 

          ��b�� The Real Mechanical Process 

          ��c�� The Product of the Mechanical Process 

     C Absolute Mechanism 

          ��a�� The Centre 

          ��b�� Law 

          ��c�� Transition of Mechanism

Chapter 2 Chemism

     A The Chemical Object 

     B The Chemical Process 

     C Transition of Chemism 

Chapter 3 Teleology

     A The Subjective End 

     B The Means 

     C The Realised End 



                Section Three�此�The Idea

Chapter 1 Life

     A The Living Individual

     B The Life Process

     C The Genus ��Kind�А�

Chapter 2 The Idea of Cognition

     A The Idea of the True 

          ��a�� Analytic Cognition 

          ��b�� Synthetic Cognition

               1。 Definition 

               2。 Division 

               3。 The Theorem 

     B The Idea of the Good 

Chapter 3 The Absolute Idea







Preface to the First Edition

The complete transformation which philosophical thought in Germany has undergone in the last
twenty´five years and the higher standpoint reached by spirit in its awareness of itself�察�have had
but little influence as yet on the structure of logic。

That which�察�prior to this period�察�was called metaphysics has been�察�so to speak�察�extirpated root
and branch and has vanished from the ranks of the sciences。 The ontology�察�rational psychology��
cosmology�察�yes even natural theology�察�of former times´where is now to be heard any mention of
them�察�or who would venture to mention them�拭�Inquiries�察�for instance�察�into the immateriality of the
soul�察�into efficient and final causes�察�where should these still arouse any interest�拭�Even the former
proofs of the existence of God are cited only for their historical interest or for purposes of
edification and uplifting the e
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