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SCIENCE OF LOGIC
by Hegel
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface to the First Edition
Preface to the Second Edition
Introduction�此�General Notion of Logic
Introduction�此�General Division of Logic
VOLUME ONE�此�THE OBJECTIVE LOGIC
BOOK ONE�此�THE DOCTRINE OF BEING
With What must Science Begin�拭�
General Division of Being
Section One�此�Determinateness ��Quality��
Chapter 1 Being
A Being
B Nothing
C Becoming
1。 Unity of Being and Nothing
2。 Moments of Becoming�此�Coming´to´be and Ceasing´to´be
3。 Sublation of Becoming
Chapter 2 Determinate Being
A Determinate Being as Such
��a�� Determinate Being in General
��b�� Quality
��c�� Something
B Finitude
��a�� Something and Other
��b�� Determination�察�Constitution and Limit
��c�� Finitude
��a�А�The Immediacy of Finitude
��b�А�Limitation and the Ought
��c�А�Transition of the Finite into the Infinite
C Infinity
��a�� The Infinite in General
��b�� Alternating Determination of the Finite and the Infinite
��c�� Affirmative Infinity
Transition
Chapter 3 Being´for´self
A Being´for´self as such
��a�� Determinate Being and Being´for´self
��b�� Being´for´one
��c�� The One
B The One and the Many
��a�� The One in its own self
��b�� The One and the Void
��c�� Many Ones ´ Repulsion
C Repulsion and Attraction
��a�� Exclusion of the One
��b�� The one One of Attraction
��c�� The Relation of Repulsion and Attraction
Section Two�此�Magnitude ��Quantity��
Chapter 1 Quantity
A Pure Quantity
B Continuous and Discrete Magnitude
C Limitation of Quantity
Chapter 2 Quantum
A Number
B Extensive and Intensive Quantum
��a�� Their Difference
��b�� Identity of Extensive and Intensive Magnitude
��c�� Alteration of Quantum
C Quantitative Infinity
��a�� Its Notion
��b�� The Qualitative Infinite Progress
��c�� The Infinity of Quantum
Chapter 3 The Quantitative Relation or Quantiative Ratio
A The Direct Ratio
B Inverse Ratio
C The Ratio of Powers
Section Three�此�Measure
Chapter 1 Specific Quantity
A The Specific Quantum
B Specifying Measure
��a�� The Rule
��b�� Specifying Measure
��c�� Relation of the Two Sides as Qualities
C Being´for´self in Measure
Chapter 2 Real Measure
A The Relation of Self´Subsistent Measures
��a�� Combination of Two Measures
��b�� Measure of a Series of Measure Relations
��c�� Elective Affinity
B Nodal Line of Measure Relations
C The Measureless
Chapter 3 The Becoming of Essence
A Absolute Indifference
B Indifference as an Inverse Ration of its Factors
C Transition into Essence
BOOK TWO�此�THE DOCTRINE OF ESSENCE
Section One�此�Essence as Reflection
Within Itself
Chapter 1 Illusory Being ��Semblance��
A The Essential and the Unessential
B Illusory Being
C Reflection
��a�� Positing Reflection
��b�� External Reflection
��c�� Determining Reflection
Chapter 2 The Essentialities or Determinations of Reflection
A Identity
B Difference
��a�� Absolute Difference
��b�� Diversity
��c�� Opposition
C Contradiction
Chapter 3 Ground
A Absolute Ground
��a�� Form and Essence
��b�� Form and Matter
��c�� Form and Content
B Determinate Ground
��a�� Formal Ground
��b�� Real Ground
��c�� The Complete Ground
C Condition
��a�� The Relatively Unconditioned
��b�� The Absolutely Unconditioned
��c�� The Emergence of the Fact into Existence
Section Two�此�Appearance
Chapter 1 Existence
A The Thing and its Properties
��a�� Thing´in´itself and Existence
��b�� Property
��c�� The Reciprocal Action of Things
B The Constitution of the Thing out of Matters
C Dissolution of the Thing
Chapter 2 Appearance
A The Law of Appearance
B The World of Appearance and the World´in´itself
C Disslution of Appearance
Chapter 3 The Essential Relation
A The Relation of Whole and Parts
B The Relation of Force and its Expression
��a�� The Conditionedness of Force
��b�� The Solicitation of Force
��c�� The Infinity of Force
C Relation of Outer and Inner
Section Three�此�Actuality
Chapter 1 The Absolute
A The Exposition of the Absolute
B The Absolute Attribute
C The Mode of the Absolute
Chapter 2 Actuality
A Contingency�察�or Formal Actuality�察�Possibility and Necessity
B Relative Necessity�察�or Real Actuality�察�Possibility and Necessity
C Absolute Necessity
Chapter 3 The Absolute Relation
A The Relation of Substantiality
B The Relation of Causality
��a�� Formal Causality
��b�� The Determinate Relation of Causality
��c�� Action and Reaction
C Reciprocity
VOLUME TWO�此�SUBJECTIVE LOGIC
THE DOCTRINE OF THE NOTION
The Notion in General
Division
Section One�此�Subjectivity
Chapter 1 The Notion
A The Universal Notion
B The Particular Notion
C The Individual
Chapter 2 The Judgment
A The Judgement of Existence
��a�� The Positive Judgment
��b�� The Negative Judgment
��c�� The Infinite Judgment
B The Judgment of Reflection
��a�� The Singular Judgment
��b�� The Particular Judgment
��c�� The Universal Judgment
C The Judgment of Necessity
��a�� The Categorical Judgment
��b�� The Hyopthetical Judgment
��c�� The Disjunctive Judgment
D The Judgment of the Notion
��a�� The Assertoric Judgment
��b�� The Problematic Judgment
��c�� The Apodetic Judgment
Chapter 3 The Syllogism
A The Syllogism of Existence
��a�� First Figure of the Syllogism
��b�� The Seond Figure P´I´U
��c�� The Third Figure I´U´P
��d�� The Fourth Figure U´U´U
B The Syllogism of Reflection
��a�� The Syllogism of Allness
��b�� The Syllogism of Induction
��c�� The Syllogism of Analogy
C The Syllogism of Necessity
��a�� The Categorical Syllogism
��b�� The Hypothetical Syllogism
��c�� The Disjunctive Syllogism
Section Two�此�Objectivity
Chapter 1 Mechanism
A The Mechanical Object
B The Mechanical Process
��a�� The Formal Mechanical Process
��b�� The Real Mechanical Process
��c�� The Product of the Mechanical Process
C Absolute Mechanism
��a�� The Centre
��b�� Law
��c�� Transition of Mechanism
Chapter 2 Chemism
A The Chemical Object
B The Chemical Process
C Transition of Chemism
Chapter 3 Teleology
A The Subjective End
B The Means
C The Realised End
Section Three�此�The Idea
Chapter 1 Life
A The Living Individual
B The Life Process
C The Genus ��Kind�А�
Chapter 2 The Idea of Cognition
A The Idea of the True
��a�� Analytic Cognition
��b�� Synthetic Cognition
1。 Definition
2。 Division
3。 The Theorem
B The Idea of the Good
Chapter 3 The Absolute Idea
Preface to the First Edition
The complete transformation which philosophical thought in Germany has undergone in the last
twenty´five years and the higher standpoint reached by spirit in its awareness of itself�察�have had
but little influence as yet on the structure of logic。
That which�察�prior to this period�察�was called metaphysics has been�察�so to speak�察�extirpated root
and branch and has vanished from the ranks of the sciences。 The ontology�察�rational psychology��
cosmology�察�yes even natural theology�察�of former times´where is now to be heard any mention of
them�察�or who would venture to mention them�拭�Inquiries�察�for instance�察�into the immateriality of the
soul�察�into efficient and final causes�察�where should these still arouse any interest�拭�Even the former
proofs of the existence of God are cited only for their historical interest or for purposes of
edification and uplifting the e
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