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on horsemanship(楠瀧宝)-及1何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��


                            On Horsemanship 



On Horsemanship 



                        By Xenophon 

        Translation by H。 G。 Dakyns 



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                                        On Horsemanship 



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     Claiming      to   have    attained    some    proficiency      in  horsemanship��1�А�

ourselves�察  �as   the   result   of   long   experience   in   the   field�察  �our   wish   is   to 

explain�察�for the benefit of our younger friends�察�what we conceive to be the 

most correct method of dealing with horses。 

     ��1�А  �Lit。   ;Since�察  �through     the   accident    of  having    for   a  long    time 

'ridden'     ourselves�察     �we    believe     we     have     become      proficients     in 

horsemanship�察       �we   wish    to  show    to  our   younger     friends   how�察   �as  we 

conceive the matter�察�they will proceed most correctly in dealing                       with 

horses。; ��ippeuein�� in the case of Xenophon = serve as a                         ��ippeus���察�

whether technically as an Athenian ;knight; or more                        particularly in 

reference to his organisation of a troop of                cavalry during ;the retreat; 

�─�Anab。; III。 iii。 8´20���察�and�察�as is             commonly believed�察�while serving 

under Agesilaus �─�Hell。; III。 iv。              14�� in Asia�察�396�察�395 B。C。 

     There is�察�it is true�察�a treatise on horsemanship written by Simon�察�the 

same   who   dedicated   the   bronze   horse   near   the   Eleusinion   in   Athens��2�А�

with a representation of his exploits engraved in relief on the pedestal。��3�А�

But     we   shall   not   on    that   account    expunge      from    our   treatise   any 

conclusions in which we happen to agree with that author�察�on the contrary 

we   shall   hand   them   on   with   still   greater   pleasure   to   our   friends�察  �in   the 

belief that   we   shall only gain   in   authority  from  the fact that so great   an 

expert in horsemanship held similar views to our own�察�whilst with regard 

to matters omitted in his treatise�察�we shall endeavour to supply them。 

     ��2�А  �L。   Dind。   ��in   Athens�А�   The   Eleusinion。     For   the   position   of  this 

sanctuary      of  Demeter      and   Kore    see   Leake�察    �Top。    of  Athens�察─    �i。  p。 

296 foll。 For Simon see Sauppe�察�vol。 v。 Praef。 to ;de R。 E。; p。                     230�察�L。 

Dind。 Praef。 ;Xen。 Opusc。; p。 xx。�察�Dr。 Morris H。 Morgan�察                          �The Art 

of Horsemanship by Xenophon�察─�p。 119 foll。 A fragment of                          the work 

referred to�察。�peri eidous kai ekloges ippon���察�exists。 The                    MS。 is in the 



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library     of  Emmanual        Coll。   Cant。    It  so  happens      that         one    of   the 

hipparchs �┌殖� appealed to by Demosthenes in Arist。                         ;Knights�察─�242�察�

     ��andres ippes�察�paragenesthe nun o kairos�察�o Simon�察�o Panaiti�察�ouk elate 

pros to dexion keras���察�

     bears the name。 

     ��3�А   �Lit。  ;and    carved    on   the   pedestal     a  representation      of   his  own 

performances。; 

     As our first topic we shall deal with the question�察�how a man may best 

avoid being cheated in the purchase of a horse。                  Take the case of a foal as 

yet   unbroken�此  �it   is   plain   that   our   scrutiny   must   begin   with   the   body�察  �an 

animal      that  has   never    yet   been    mounted      can   but   present    the   vaguest 

indications   of   spirit。   Confining   ourselves   therefore   to   the   body�察  �the   first 

point to examine�察�we maintain�察�will be the feet。 Just as a house would be 

of    little  use�察  �however       beautiful    its  upper     stories�察  �if  the    underlying 

foundations   were   not   what   they   ought   to   be�察  �so   there   is   little   use   to   be 

extracted from a horse�察�and in particular a war´horse�撮�4�А�if unsound in his 

feet�察�however excellent his other points�察�since he could not turn a single 

one of them to good account。��5�А�

     ��4�А   �Or�察  �and    that   a  charger�察   �we   will   suppose。;     For   the   simile    see 

;Mem。; III。 i。 7。 

     ��5�А�Cf。 Hor。 ;Sat。; I。 ii。 86�此�

     regibus   hic   mos   est�此  �ubi   equos   mercantur�察  �opertos   inspiciunt�察  �ne�察  �si 

facies�察  �ut   saepe�察  �decora   molli   fulta   pede   est�察  �emptorem  inducat   hiantem�察�

quod pulchrae clunes�察�breve quod caput�察�ardua cervix。 

     and see Virg。 ;Georg。; iii。 72 foll。 

     In testing the feet the first thing to examine will be the horny portion 

of the hoof。  For soundness   of foot   a thick   horn is   far better than a  thin。 

Again it is important to notice whether the hoofs are high both before and 

behind�察�or flat to the ground�察�for a high hoof keeps the ;frog�察┌�6�А�as it is 

called�察  �well   off   the   ground�察  �whereas   a   low   hoof   treads   equally   with   the 

stoutest   and   softest   part   of   the   foot   alike�察  �the   gait   resembling   that   of   a 

bandy´legged man。��7�А �You may tell a good foot clearly by the ring�察─�says 



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Simon happily�撮�8�А�for the hollow hoof rings like a cymbal against the solid 

earth。��9�А�

     ��6�А�Lit。 ;the swallow。; 

     ��7�А  �Al。   ;a   knock´kneed   person。;   See   Stonehenge�察   �The   Horse;   ��ed。 

1892���察�pp。 3�察�9。 

     ��8�А�Or�察 �and he is right。; 

     ��9�А�Cf。 Virg。 ;Georg。; iii。 88�察�Hor。 ;Epod。; xvi。 12。 

     And   now   that   we   have   begun   with   the   feet�察  �let   us   ascend   from   this 

point to the rest of the body。 The bones��10�А�above the hoof and below the 

fetlock   must   not   be   too   straight�察  �like those   of   a   goat�察  �through   not   being 

properly elastic�撮�11�А�legs of this type will jar the rider�察�and are more liable 

to become inflamed。 On the other hand�察�these bones must not be too low�察�

or else the fetlock will be abraded or lacerated when the horse is galloped 

over clods and stones。 

     ��10�А    �i。e。  ;the   pasterns     �┌�mesokunia����        and   the    coffin   should     be 

'sloping。'; 

     ��11�А  �Or�察   �being   too   inflexible。;   Lit。   ;giving   blow   for   blow�察  �overuch 

like anvil to hammer。; 

     The bones of the shanks��12�А�ought to be thick�察�being as they are the 

columns on which the body rests�察�thick in themselves�察�that is�察�not puffed 

out   with   veins   or    flesh�察  �or   else  in   riding   over  hard   ground   they   will 

inevitably be surcharged with blood�察�and varicose conditions be set up�撮�13�А�

the legs becoming thick and puffy�察�whilst the skin recedes�察�and with this 

loosening of the skin the back sinew��14�А�is very apt to start and render the 

horse lame。 

     ��12�А�i。e。 ;the metacarpals and metatarsals。; 

     ��13�А �Or�察   �and   become   varicose�察  �with   the   result   that   the   shanks   swell 

whilst the skin recedes from the bone。; 

     ��14�А   �Or�察   �suspensory       ligament;�拭    �Possibly     Xenophon's       anatomy      is 

wrong�察          �and he mistook the back sinew for a bone like the fibula。 The 

part         in    question    might    intelligibly    enough�察    �if  not  technically�察    �be 

termed ��perone���察�being of the brooch´pin order。 



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     If the young horse in walking bends his knees flexibly�察�you may safely 

conjecture   that   when   he   comes   to   be   ridden   he   will   have   flexible   legs�察�

since the quality of suppleness invariably increases with age。��15�А�Supple 

knees are highly esteemed and with good reason�察�rendering as they do the 

horse   less   liable   to   stumble   or   break   down   from   fatigue   than   those   of 

stiffer build。 

     ��15�А�Lit。 ;all horses bend their legs more flexibly as time advances。; 

     Coming to the thighs below the shoulder´blades�撮�16�А�or arms�察�these if 

thick and muscular present a stronger and handsomer appearance�察�just as 

in the case of a human being。 Again�察�a comparatively broad chest is better 

alike   for   strength   and   beauty�察  �and   better   adapted   to   carry   the   legs   well 

asunder�察�so that they will not overlap and interfere with one another。 Again�察�

the   neck   should   not   be   set   on   dropping   forward   from   the   chest�察  �like   a 

boar's�察�but�察�like that of a game´cock rather�察�it should shoot upwards to the 

crest�察�and be slack��17�А�along the curvature�察�whilst the head should be bony 

and the jawbone small。 In this way the neck will be well in front of the 

rider�察�and the eye will command what lies before the horse's feet。 A horse�察�

moreover�察 �
卦指朕村 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��