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on horsemanship(楠瀧宝)-及1何蛍
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On Horsemanship
On Horsemanship
By Xenophon
Translation by H。 G。 Dakyns
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On Horsemanship
I
Claiming to have attained some proficiency in horsemanship��1�А�
ourselves�察 �as the result of long experience in the field�察 �our wish is to
explain�察�for the benefit of our younger friends�察�what we conceive to be the
most correct method of dealing with horses。
��1�А �Lit。 ;Since�察 �through the accident of having for a long time
'ridden' ourselves�察 �we believe we have become proficients in
horsemanship�察 �we wish to show to our younger friends how�察 �as we
conceive the matter�察�they will proceed most correctly in dealing with
horses。; ��ippeuein�� in the case of Xenophon = serve as a ��ippeus���察�
whether technically as an Athenian ;knight; or more particularly in
reference to his organisation of a troop of cavalry during ;the retreat;
�─�Anab。; III。 iii。 8´20���察�and�察�as is commonly believed�察�while serving
under Agesilaus �─�Hell。; III。 iv。 14�� in Asia�察�396�察�395 B。C。
There is�察�it is true�察�a treatise on horsemanship written by Simon�察�the
same who dedicated the bronze horse near the Eleusinion in Athens��2�А�
with a representation of his exploits engraved in relief on the pedestal。��3�А�
But we shall not on that account expunge from our treatise any
conclusions in which we happen to agree with that author�察�on the contrary
we shall hand them on with still greater pleasure to our friends�察 �in the
belief that we shall only gain in authority from the fact that so great an
expert in horsemanship held similar views to our own�察�whilst with regard
to matters omitted in his treatise�察�we shall endeavour to supply them。
��2�А �L。 Dind。 ��in Athens�А� The Eleusinion。 For the position of this
sanctuary of Demeter and Kore see Leake�察 �Top。 of Athens�察─ �i。 p。
296 foll。 For Simon see Sauppe�察�vol。 v。 Praef。 to ;de R。 E。; p。 230�察�L。
Dind。 Praef。 ;Xen。 Opusc。; p。 xx。�察�Dr。 Morris H。 Morgan�察 �The Art
of Horsemanship by Xenophon�察─�p。 119 foll。 A fragment of the work
referred to�察。�peri eidous kai ekloges ippon���察�exists。 The MS。 is in the
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On Horsemanship
library of Emmanual Coll。 Cant。 It so happens that one of the
hipparchs �┌殖� appealed to by Demosthenes in Arist。 ;Knights�察─�242�察�
��andres ippes�察�paragenesthe nun o kairos�察�o Simon�察�o Panaiti�察�ouk elate
pros to dexion keras���察�
bears the name。
��3�А �Lit。 ;and carved on the pedestal a representation of his own
performances。;
As our first topic we shall deal with the question�察�how a man may best
avoid being cheated in the purchase of a horse。 Take the case of a foal as
yet unbroken�此 �it is plain that our scrutiny must begin with the body�察 �an
animal that has never yet been mounted can but present the vaguest
indications of spirit。 Confining ourselves therefore to the body�察 �the first
point to examine�察�we maintain�察�will be the feet。 Just as a house would be
of little use�察 �however beautiful its upper stories�察 �if the underlying
foundations were not what they ought to be�察 �so there is little use to be
extracted from a horse�察�and in particular a war´horse�撮�4�А�if unsound in his
feet�察�however excellent his other points�察�since he could not turn a single
one of them to good account。��5�А�
��4�А �Or�察 �and that a charger�察 �we will suppose。; For the simile see
;Mem。; III。 i。 7。
��5�А�Cf。 Hor。 ;Sat。; I。 ii。 86�此�
regibus hic mos est�此 �ubi equos mercantur�察 �opertos inspiciunt�察 �ne�察 �si
facies�察 �ut saepe�察 �decora molli fulta pede est�察 �emptorem inducat hiantem�察�
quod pulchrae clunes�察�breve quod caput�察�ardua cervix。
and see Virg。 ;Georg。; iii。 72 foll。
In testing the feet the first thing to examine will be the horny portion
of the hoof。 For soundness of foot a thick horn is far better than a thin。
Again it is important to notice whether the hoofs are high both before and
behind�察�or flat to the ground�察�for a high hoof keeps the ;frog�察┌�6�А�as it is
called�察 �well off the ground�察 �whereas a low hoof treads equally with the
stoutest and softest part of the foot alike�察 �the gait resembling that of a
bandy´legged man。��7�А �You may tell a good foot clearly by the ring�察─�says
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Simon happily�撮�8�А�for the hollow hoof rings like a cymbal against the solid
earth。��9�А�
��6�А�Lit。 ;the swallow。;
��7�А �Al。 ;a knock´kneed person。; See Stonehenge�察 �The Horse; ��ed。
1892���察�pp。 3�察�9。
��8�А�Or�察 �and he is right。;
��9�А�Cf。 Virg。 ;Georg。; iii。 88�察�Hor。 ;Epod。; xvi。 12。
And now that we have begun with the feet�察 �let us ascend from this
point to the rest of the body。 The bones��10�А�above the hoof and below the
fetlock must not be too straight�察 �like those of a goat�察 �through not being
properly elastic�撮�11�А�legs of this type will jar the rider�察�and are more liable
to become inflamed。 On the other hand�察�these bones must not be too low�察�
or else the fetlock will be abraded or lacerated when the horse is galloped
over clods and stones。
��10�А �i。e。 ;the pasterns �┌�mesokunia���� and the coffin should be
'sloping。';
��11�А �Or�察 �being too inflexible。; Lit。 ;giving blow for blow�察 �overuch
like anvil to hammer。;
The bones of the shanks��12�А�ought to be thick�察�being as they are the
columns on which the body rests�察�thick in themselves�察�that is�察�not puffed
out with veins or flesh�察 �or else in riding over hard ground they will
inevitably be surcharged with blood�察�and varicose conditions be set up�撮�13�А�
the legs becoming thick and puffy�察�whilst the skin recedes�察�and with this
loosening of the skin the back sinew��14�А�is very apt to start and render the
horse lame。
��12�А�i。e。 ;the metacarpals and metatarsals。;
��13�А �Or�察 �and become varicose�察 �with the result that the shanks swell
whilst the skin recedes from the bone。;
��14�А �Or�察 �suspensory ligament;�拭 �Possibly Xenophon's anatomy is
wrong�察 �and he mistook the back sinew for a bone like the fibula。 The
part in question might intelligibly enough�察 �if not technically�察 �be
termed ��perone���察�being of the brooch´pin order。
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If the young horse in walking bends his knees flexibly�察�you may safely
conjecture that when he comes to be ridden he will have flexible legs�察�
since the quality of suppleness invariably increases with age。��15�А�Supple
knees are highly esteemed and with good reason�察�rendering as they do the
horse less liable to stumble or break down from fatigue than those of
stiffer build。
��15�А�Lit。 ;all horses bend their legs more flexibly as time advances。;
Coming to the thighs below the shoulder´blades�撮�16�А�or arms�察�these if
thick and muscular present a stronger and handsomer appearance�察�just as
in the case of a human being。 Again�察�a comparatively broad chest is better
alike for strength and beauty�察 �and better adapted to carry the legs well
asunder�察�so that they will not overlap and interfere with one another。 Again�察�
the neck should not be set on dropping forward from the chest�察 �like a
boar's�察�but�察�like that of a game´cock rather�察�it should shoot upwards to the
crest�察�and be slack��17�А�along the curvature�察�whilst the head should be bony
and the jawbone small。 In this way the neck will be well in front of the
rider�察�and the eye will command what lies before the horse's feet。 A horse�察�
moreover�察 �
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
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