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the proposed territory of arizona(冉稗 椎議圓協舟順)-及6何蛍
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��
California�察�together with the Gadsden Treaty�察�that induced parties at great
expense to emigrate there�察 �and commence working the vast mineral
deposites�察�such as the Arabac silver mines�察�the Ajo copper mountain�察�and
others�察 �but which�察 �through lack of proper protection and means of
communication�察�have been greatly retarded in their development。
After crossing the dividing ridge of the continent west of the Rio
Grande�察�Gray thus alludes to the country�此�
;There were large haciendas and fine cattle ranches in this
neighborhood�察�until a war of extermination was declared by the Apaches
against the Mexicans。 Remains of the old San Pedro ranch are seen at this
day�察�also the ;Tres Alamos�察─�and the ruins of the hacienda of Babacomeri�察�
whose walls and towers are still standing。 These were among the
wealthiest of Sonora in horses�察 �cattle�察 �sheep�察 �etc。�察 �but it has been many
years since。 It is a fine grazing region�察 �with wild cattle and mustangs
constantly seen roaming over the plains。 The district from San Pedro to
Santa Cruz valley�察�nearly due west from our present crossing ��latitude 31
degrees 34 minutes���察�will be to the Pacific slope what the region of Fort
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MEMOIR OF THE PROPOSED TERRITORY OF ARIZONA。
Chadbourne�察�in Texas�察�will be to the Atlantic。 The mountains and hills are
covered with splendid timber of the largest size�察�and for all purposes�察�and
the valleys are full of springs�察�and the finest grass。 To Tubac�察�a town in the
valley of Santa Cruz�察 �it is 69 miles。 This is by following the San Pedro
about a league�察�passing over a few insignificant spurs�察�and ascending the
Rio Babacomeri�察 �thence continuing westward by a gradual rise over
delightful plains to the divide between that and the Sonoita or Clover
creek�察�and along the latter�察�until it loses itself in the porous earth�察�a mile
from the Santa Cruz river�察 �and by the broad valley of that stream to
Tubac。;
Of the line of Gray's exploration from the Rio San Pedro�察�he says�此�
;It passes through the most desirable region�察 �with the hills and
mountains for forty miles�察 �containing inexhaustible quantities of timber。
We noticed tall cedar and oaks of every description�察 �one kind more
interesting than the others�察�being a white oak from twenty to forty feet in
the body。 Pine and spruce�察�with superior white ash and walnut�察�were found�察�
and the most gigantic cotton´woods�察�particularly on the Sonoita。 * * * *
;The mountains in the neighborhood are filled with minerals�察 �and the
precious metals are said to abound。 The famous Planchas de Plata and
Arizona silver mines�察�which the Count Raouset de Boulbon attempted to
take possession of�察�are in this section of country�察�not many miles below the
present limits�察 �and at several of the old ranchos and deserted mining
villages which we visited�察 �were found the argentiferous galena ore and
gold。 The Sierra Santa Rita runs along to the east of the Santa Cruz valley�察�
and forms a part of this interesting region。 It is very high and bold�察�filled
with fertile valleys and flowing rivulets�察�and covered with a dense growth
of timber。 I saw much of this district�察�when here in 1851�察�on the survey of
the boundry。;
The country bordering immediately the head of the Gulf of California�察�
through which Gray was probably the first to penetrate�察�lies adjacent to the
proposed Arizona Territory�察�but not a part of the same�察�being a portion of
the State of Sonora。 He thus describes that section�此�
;The Indians represent rich Placers existing throughout this region�察�
and large numbers of them had lately come in with considerable quantities
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MEMOIR OF THE PROPOSED TERRITORY OF ARIZONA。
of the dust。 They were trading it for trifles to the Mexicans。 I got some
specimens of it which was the same as the California Gold。 This was not
the time of year ��June�� for them to work the mines�察�but in the fall�察�after the
rain has commenced。 The greatest drawback to the profitable working of
the Placers of this district�察�is the scarcity of water。 If artesian wells succeed�察�
there is little doubt that it will create an important change。 West from
Tuseon and Tubac�察 �towards the Gulf of California�察 �the country presents
more the appearance of a barren waste or desert than any district I have
seen。 It nevertheless has occasional oases�察 �with fine grazing lands about
them�察 �and the mountains�察 �which are more broken and detached�察 �have
distinct marks of volcanic origin。 The ranges though short�察�have generally
the same parallel direction as those further east。 It is the country of the
Papago Indians�察�a peaceful and friendly tribe�察�extending down to the Gulf
coast�察 �where they are mixed up somewhat with the Cocopas of the
Colorado。 From Sonoita I explored to the Gulf shore�察�near the mouth of
Adair Bay。 It was 62 miles�察�following a dry arroya most of the way�察�and
the point at which I struck the Gulf was in latitude 31 degrees 36 minutes
34 minutes。 The ;Bay; is about 15 miles across�察�and from all I could learn�察�
15 miles long�察 �and represented as having four fathoms of water。 It is
completely encircled by a range of sand hills�察�reaching north´west to the
Colorado river and south´east as far as the eye could discover。 These
;sables; are probably eighty or ninety miles in extent�察�by five to ten broad。
;Notwithstanding it appears to be the most desolate and forlorn´
looking spot for eighty miles around the head of the Gulf�察�the sand hills
looking like a terrible desert�察�nature seems even here�察�where no rain had
fallen for eight months�察�to have provided for the sustenance of man�察�one of
the most nutritious and palatable vegetables。
;East of the Tinaja Alta or high tank range�察�lie the famous Sierras del
Ajo�察�now United States territory。 These mountains derive their name from
the vast deposits of red oxide and green carbonate of copper found about
them�察�and which the Indians have made use of to paint ��ajo�� themselves
with。 The mines are unquestionably of great value�察 �and must become
important�察�more particularly from their being situated in the neighborhood
of the contemplated railway。 The tall Cereus Giganteus and Agave
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MEMOIR OF THE PROPOSED TERRITORY OF ARIZONA。
Americana are found in abundance。 From the latter plant the natives make
the pulque�察�mezcal and agua´diente�察�and the petahaya or cereus�察�produces
a fruit from which is made a very pleasant preserve。 At the Pimo and
Maricopa villages are found wheat�察 �corn�察 �tobaco�察 �and cotton�察 �besides
melons�察�pumpkins�察�beans�察�etc。 The nature of the soil for great distances in
the Gila valley is of a reddish loam�察 �some parts coated with a beautiful
crystallization of salt�察 �a quarter to half an inch thick。 This seems to be
more particularly the case below the Maricopa villages and toward the Rio
Salado。 The cotton�察�of which I procured specimens�察�though cultivated by
the Indians in the most primitive manner�察�exhibited a texture not unlike the
celebrated Sea Island cotton。 Its fibre is exceedingly soft and silky�察�but not
of the longest staple。 Large tracts of land on the Gila and in other portions
of this district�察�appear to possess the same properties of soil�察�and where�察�I
have no doubt�察 �the finest cotton will soon be extensively raised and
brought to its highest state of perfection by proper cultivation。;
The climate is thus referred to by Gray�此�
;One of the most favorable features upon the route in the vicinity of
the 32nd degree proposed for the Pacific railway is�察�its accessibility at all
times�察�admitting of labor being performed in the open air at each season。
The nature of the climate through Texas to the Rio Grande has already
been referred to�察�and from thence to the Santa Cruz valley half way to the
Colorado�察 �over the elevated plateau of the Sierra Madra��
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