嗔秤戻幣�哉膵�云利匈嬉蝕湊蛸賜�塋床四衲���萩晦編報炎嘔囚^泡仟 ̄云利匈��
響慕片 卦指云慕朕村 紗秘慕禰 厘議慕尺 厘議慕禰 TXT畠云和墮 〆辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂〇

the proposed territory of arizona(冉稗 椎議圓協舟順)-及6何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��


California�察�together with the Gadsden Treaty�察�that induced parties at great 

expense      to  emigrate     there�察 �and   commence        working     the  vast   mineral 

deposites�察�such as the Arabac silver mines�察�the Ajo copper mountain�察�and 

others�察   �but   which�察   �through     lack   of  proper    protection     and   means     of 

communication�察�have been greatly retarded in their development。 

     After   crossing   the   dividing   ridge   of   the   continent   west   of   the   Rio 

Grande�察�Gray thus alludes to the country�此�

     ;There      were    large    haciendas      and    fine   cattle   ranches     in   this 

neighborhood�察�until a war of extermination was declared by the Apaches 

against the Mexicans。 Remains of the old San Pedro ranch are seen at this 

day�察�also the ;Tres Alamos�察─�and the ruins of the hacienda of Babacomeri�察�

whose      walls   and    towers    are   still  standing。    These    were    among     the 

wealthiest   of   Sonora   in   horses�察  �cattle�察  �sheep�察  �etc。�察  �but   it   has   been   many 

years   since。   It   is   a   fine   grazing   region�察  �with   wild   cattle   and   mustangs 

constantly  seen   roaming   over   the   plains。 The   district   from  San   Pedro   to 

Santa Cruz valley�察�nearly due west from our present crossing ��latitude 31 

degrees 34 minutes���察�will be to the Pacific slope what the region of Fort 



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Chadbourne�察�in Texas�察�will be to the Atlantic。 The mountains and hills are 

covered with splendid timber of the largest size�察�and for all purposes�察�and 

the valleys are full of springs�察�and the finest grass。 To Tubac�察�a town in the 

valley of   Santa   Cruz�察 �it   is 69   miles。 This   is   by  following   the   San   Pedro 

about a league�察�passing over a few insignificant spurs�察�and ascending the 

Rio    Babacomeri�察      �thence    continuing     westward      by   a  gradual    rise  over 

delightful   plains   to   the   divide   between   that   and   the   Sonoita   or   Clover 

creek�察�and along the latter�察�until it loses itself in the porous earth�察�a mile 

from   the   Santa   Cruz   river�察  �and   by   the   broad   valley   of   that   stream   to 

Tubac。; 

     Of the line of Gray's exploration from the Rio San Pedro�察�he says�此�

     ;It   passes    through     the  most    desirable    region�察   �with   the   hills  and 

mountains   for   forty   miles�察  �containing   inexhaustible   quantities   of   timber。 

We     noticed    tall  cedar   and   oaks    of  every   description�察    �one   kind   more 

interesting than the others�察�being a white oak from twenty to forty feet in 

the body。 Pine and spruce�察�with superior white ash and walnut�察�were found�察�

and the most gigantic cotton´woods�察�particularly on the Sonoita。 * * * * 

;The   mountains   in   the   neighborhood   are   filled   with   minerals�察  �and   the 

precious   metals   are   said   to   abound。   The   famous   Planchas   de   Plata   and 

Arizona silver mines�察�which the Count Raouset de Boulbon attempted to 

take possession of�察�are in this section of country�察�not many miles below the 

present   limits�察  �and   at   several   of   the   old   ranchos   and   deserted    mining 

villages   which   we   visited�察  �were   found   the   argentiferous   galena   ore   and 

gold。 The Sierra Santa Rita runs along to the east of the Santa Cruz valley�察�

and forms a part of this interesting region。 It is very high and bold�察�filled 

with fertile valleys and flowing rivulets�察�and covered with a dense growth 

of timber。 I saw much of this district�察�when here in 1851�察�on the survey of 

the boundry。; 

     The country bordering immediately the head of the Gulf of California�察�

through which Gray was probably the first to penetrate�察�lies adjacent to the 

proposed Arizona Territory�察�but not a part of the same�察�being a portion of 

the State of Sonora。 He thus describes that section�此�

     ;The   Indians   represent   rich   Placers   existing   throughout   this   region�察�

and large numbers of them had lately come in with considerable quantities 



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of   the dust。 They  were   trading   it   for   trifles to the   Mexicans。  I   got   some 

specimens of it which was the same as the California Gold。 This was not 

the time of year ��June�� for them to work the mines�察�but in the fall�察�after the 

rain has commenced。 The greatest drawback to the profitable working of 

the Placers of this district�察�is the scarcity of water。 If artesian wells succeed�察�

there   is   little   doubt   that   it   will   create   an   important   change。   West   from 

Tuseon   and   Tubac�察  �towards   the   Gulf   of   California�察  �the   country   presents 

more the appearance of a barren waste or desert than any district I have 

seen。 It nevertheless   has   occasional   oases�察 �with   fine   grazing   lands   about 

them�察  �and   the   mountains�察     �which   are   more     broken    and   detached�察   �have 

distinct marks of volcanic origin。 The ranges though short�察�have generally 

the  same   parallel   direction   as   those   further   east。   It   is   the   country  of   the 

Papago Indians�察�a peaceful and friendly tribe�察�extending down to the Gulf 

coast�察   �where    they    are  mixed     up   somewhat      with   the   Cocopas     of   the 

Colorado。 From Sonoita I explored to the Gulf shore�察�near the mouth of 

Adair Bay。 It was 62 miles�察�following a dry arroya most of the way�察�and 

the point at which I struck the Gulf was in latitude 31 degrees 36 minutes 

34 minutes。 The ;Bay; is about 15 miles across�察�and from all I could learn�察�

15   miles   long�察  �and   represented   as   having   four   fathoms   of   water。   It   is 

completely encircled by a range of sand hills�察�reaching north´west to the 

Colorado   river   and   south´east   as   far   as   the   eye   could   discover。   These 

;sables; are probably eighty or ninety miles in extent�察�by five to ten broad。 

     ;Notwithstanding         it  appears   to   be  the   most    desolate    and   forlorn´ 

looking spot for eighty miles around the head of the Gulf�察�the sand hills 

looking like a terrible desert�察�nature seems even here�察�where no rain had 

fallen for eight months�察�to have provided for the sustenance of man�察�one of 

the most nutritious and palatable vegetables。 

     ;East of the Tinaja Alta or high tank range�察�lie the famous Sierras del 

Ajo�察�now United States territory。 These mountains derive their name from 

the vast deposits of red oxide and green carbonate of copper found about 

them�察�and which the Indians have made use of to paint ��ajo�� themselves 

with。   The   mines   are   unquestionably   of   great   value�察  �and   must   become 

important�察�more particularly from their being situated in the neighborhood 

of    the  contemplated       railway。    The    tall  Cereus    Giganteus      and   Agave 



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                 MEMOIR OF THE PROPOSED TERRITORY OF ARIZONA。 



Americana are found in abundance。 From the latter plant the natives make 

the pulque�察�mezcal and agua´diente�察�and the petahaya or cereus�察�produces 

a   fruit   from   which   is   made   a   very   pleasant   preserve。   At   the   Pimo   and 

Maricopa       villages   are  found    wheat�察   �corn�察  �tobaco�察   �and   cotton�察  �besides 

melons�察�pumpkins�察�beans�察�etc。 The nature of the soil for great distances in 

the   Gila   valley  is   of   a   reddish loam�察  �some   parts   coated   with   a   beautiful 

crystallization   of   salt�察  �a   quarter   to   half   an   inch   thick。   This   seems   to   be 

more particularly the case below the Maricopa villages and toward the Rio 

Salado。 The cotton�察�of which I procured specimens�察�though cultivated by 

the Indians in the most primitive manner�察�exhibited a texture not unlike the 

celebrated Sea Island cotton。 Its fibre is exceedingly soft and silky�察�but not 

of the longest staple。 Large tracts of land on the Gila and in other portions 

of this district�察�appear to possess the same properties of soil�察�and where�察�I 

have     no  doubt�察   �the  finest   cotton   will   soon   be   extensively     raised   and 

brought to its highest state of perfection by proper cultivation。; 

     The climate is thus referred to by Gray�此�

     ;One of the most favorable features upon the route in the vicinity of 

the 32nd degree proposed for the Pacific railway is�察�its accessibility at all 

times�察�admitting of labor being performed in the open air at each season。 

The   nature   of   the   climate   through   Texas   to   the   Rio   Grande   has   already 

been referred to�察�and from thence to the Santa Cruz valley half way to the 

Colorado�察  �over   the   elevated   plateau   of   the   Sierra   Madra��
卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��0�� 家��0��
酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何!
梁椣戻幣�� 梁心弌傍議揖扮窟燕得胎��傍竃徭失議心隈才凪万弌誌育断蛍�輌臆惨軼僑〃�燕慕得珊辛參資誼持蛍才将刮襲潜��範寔亟圻幹慕得 瓜寡追葎娼得辛參資誼寄楚署衛、持蛍才将刮襲潜填��