嗔秤戻幣�哉膵�云利匈嬉蝕湊蛸賜�塋床四衲���萩晦編報炎嘔囚^泡仟 ̄云利匈��
響慕片 卦指云慕朕村 紗秘慕禰 厘議慕尺 厘議慕禰 TXT畠云和墮 〆辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂〇

the proposed territory of arizona(冉稗 椎議圓協舟順)-及10何蛍

酔楯荷恬: 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈 梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈 梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何! 泌惚云慕短嗤堋響頼���誅卒亮茂�俊彭堋響��辛聞喘貧圭 "辺茄欺厘議箝誓匂" 孔嬬 才 "紗秘慕禰" 孔嬬��


the population�察�and the troops。 Copper ore is found in many localities�察�but 

little   gold   is   yet   discovered。   If   the   road   from   El   Paso   to   Fort   Yuma   be 

located by Parke's route�察�as many suppose�察�A FINE COUNTRY WILL BE 

OPENED   on   the   Gila   and   Lower   San   Pedro�察  �which   will   produce   ample 

supplies。     The    Territory   presents    no   difficulties    of  importance      to  the 

successful      establishment     of   the  road。   Frequent     stations   and   PROPER 

PROTECTION   ARE   ONLY   REQUISITE   TO   ENSURE   SUCCESS   AS 

COMPLETELY             AS    THE     MOST      SANGUINE          ANTICIPATE。         Should 

Sonora�察�or even a portion of it be organized�察�this will be one of the most 

pleasant localities of our country。 A delightful climate�察�plenty of fine fruit�察�

facility of supply by a port on the Pacific�察�semi´weekly mails from the east 

and west��are only some of the attractions which it would possess。 

     Sonora     is  quiet。   Many     of  the  wealthy     men    there  are   in  favor   of 

annexation�察�it is said�察�but they have to keep silent on the subject for fear of 

noisy patriots�察�who would proclaim them traitors at once�察�if they made a 

parade of their inclinations。 The San Antonio and San Deigo mail passes 

through Tueson once a fortnight�察�and seems to have met with no important 

obstacle yet。 A drove of mules accompanies it�察�which are harnessed in turn。 

When   regular   stations   are   established   its   speed   will   be   much   increased。 

My last letter was not written with a view of the use being made of it you 

mentioned�察�yet if it answers a good purpose�察�I have no objection。 It was 

but a careless note�察�but its contents were truths�察�nevertheless。; ��This note 

demonstrated   the   facility   of   supply   for   the   Territory   from   the   Pacific。�� 

;Most truly your friend�察         。�Signed�撮� E。 H。 Fitzgerald。; 



                                                30 


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                 MEMOIR OF THE PROPOSED TERRITORY OF ARIZONA。 



       Tubac�察�Gadsden's Purchase�察�22d Oct。�察�1857。 

     ;We have of late been   seriously annoyed   by  the Apaches。  Nearly  all 

the animals belonging to the citizens residing around Fort Buchanan have 

been driven off by the Apaches。 They are very impudent�察�and commit their 

depredations in broad day´light�察�talk to the people while they are driving 

off the animals�察�and always escape without being molested。 

     The other day they came within 800 yards of the Fort and looked down 

upon it。 

     In order to bring them to terms the Government ought to enlist 1000 

Pinos and Papagos to accompany the military。 Indians are the only persons 

who   can   successfully   traverse   these   mountains   and   hunt   up   their   hiding 

places。 If this is not done�察�they will surely break up our settlements here。 

Forts ought to be established in the very heart of the Apache country�察�in 

the places fit�察�and used by them for cultivation。 If this is done we will soon 

bring them to terms。 

     Until now�察�our mining establishments have not been molested by them�察�

and we  are going   on   in high glee。 This is undoubtedly the  richest   silver 

mining country in the world。 If the United States will make just and liberal 

laws   for   us�察  �give   us   protection�察  �remove   those   trifling   and   unprofitable 

custom houses on the frontier�察�at least for 5 or 6 years�察�procure us a transit 

through Sonora to Guaymas�察�and hasten along the rail´road to California�察�

this will indeed be a prosperous country�察�and will astonish the world with 

its   production   of   silver   and   copper。   But   with   such   terrible   obstacles   as 

those mentioned above and the great length of transit to transport goods 

over the roads which we have to take at present�察�progress only is possible 

for such as find mines of the extraordinary and incredible richness of the 

Heintzelman       vein。   If  the  present   promises     of  few   of  these   mines    are 

realized�察�by working them on a scale commensurate with their extent and 

richness�察�I have no doubt but that they will equal in production the whole 

silver exports of Mexico。 

     I  think   an   appropriation     ought    to  be  made    to  sink   artesian   wells 

through the Papagos country�察�between San Xavier and the lower Gila。 This 

route cuts off about 100 miles from the best route via the Pinos villages。 It 

is   laid   down   on   my   map�察  �as   a   rail´road   route�察  �now   at   the   office   of   the 



                                               31 


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                 MEMOIR OF THE PROPOSED TERRITORY OF ARIZONA。 



Sonora Exploring and Mining Company�察�at Cincinnati�察�Ohio。 

     The country consists of a succession of plains and isolated mountain 

ridges�察�none of which need to be crossed。 In fact it is a dead level to Fort 

Yuma�察�and�察�in consequence�察�no grading is necessary。 There is scarcity of 

water�察�but the soil in general is excellent and grass abounds all along the 

line�察  �while   the   mountains   teem   with   minerals   of   the   richest   description。 

The oxides and the sulphurets of copper are the most beautiful and richest 

in the world。 Silver undoubtedly exists of equal richness。 

     All the foothills contain gold�察�but I hardly think it will be extracted by 

the whites�察�as the localities are devoid of water�察�and they are not probably 

rich enough to pay without sluicing on an extensive scale。; 

     I  am�察   �sir�察 �very  respectfully�察   �your   most    obedient    servant�察   �Herman 

Ehrenberg。 

       To   Lieut。    S。  Mowry�察     �U。  S。   A。�察  �Delegate      elect   from    Arizona�察�

Washington�察�D。 C。 

       The only comment the writer has to make upon these statements is�察�

that   two   years'   residence    among   and     acquaintance   with      the   people   of 

Arizona�察�has convinced him of their absolute truth。 At the last session of 

Congress      a   petition   was   presented�察    �praying    for  a   separate   Territorial 

organization。   The   necessity   for   some   legislation   was   admitted   by   both 

Senate and House�察�and bills creating a separate judicial district and land 

offices�察�passed both Houses�察�but owing to some minor differences and the 

lateness of the session�察�the bills failed to become a law。 

     With an increased population and prolonged grievances�察�the people of 

Arizona are again about to present themselves as supplicants for that right 

inherent     in  the   American     heartthe    right   of  self  governmentand        of 

protection   under   the   law。   Their   petition   sets   forth   in   brief�察  �plain   terms�察�

their situation and necessities�察�and prays simply for a separation from New 

Mexico   and   a   Territorial   organization   under   the   name   of Arizona。 As   a 

matter     of  necessity    for  the  successful     carriage   of  the   mail   across   the 

country�察�this Territorial organization is imperative。 No contract for labor or 

supplies can be enforced in the present condition of the country。 Courts of 

law   must   be   established�察  �with   officers   to   enforce   their   mandates�察  �or   the 

contractors will be utterly unable to carry out their contract。 



                                                32 


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                 MEMOIR OF THE PROPOSED TERRITORY OF ARIZONA。 



     The great necessity of a safe and speedy overland communication with 

the Pacific�察�has directed public attention to the organization of Arizona as 

a separate Territory�察�and the desired legislation has received the unanimous 

endorsement of the press of the whole country。 Petitions with thousands of 

signatures from leading citizens of the majority of the states of the Union�察�

will be presented to Congress asking for the immediate organization of the 

new Territory as the best means to at once open a highway to the Pacific�察�

and so important has this view of the question been deemed as to call from 

the   President   of   the   United   States   a   recommendation   in   his   message   to 

Congress。   No   opposition   has   been   made   to   the   most   just   prayer   of   the 

people   of   Arizona�察  �and   it   is   believed   that   none   will   be   made�察  �unless   it 

comes   from   New   Mexico。   It   must   be   born   in   mind   that   the   Gadsden 

Purchase was not originally an integral part of New Mexico�察�that it was 

acquired     years    after  the  treaty   of  Gaudaloupe       Hidalgo�察   �and   was   only 

attached to the territory of New Mexico as a temporary expedient。 It must 

also be remembered that the Gadsden Purchase�察�with the portion of New 

Mexico which it is proposed to include within the limits of the territory of 

Arizona�察�is separated from New Mexico proper by natural boundries�察�that 

it derives no benefit from the present connection�察�and that any opposition 

to the d
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