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grimy fellows�察�who said nothing to me and to whom I said nothing ´ 
their discourse was in Welsh and English。  Of their Welsh I 
understood but little�察�for it was a strange corrupt jargon。  In 
about half´an´hour after leaving this place I came to the beginning 
of a vast moor。  It was now growing rather dusk�察�and I could see 
blazes here and there�察�occasionally I heard horrid sounds。  Came to 
Irvan�察�an enormous mining´place with a spectral´looking chapel�察�
doubtless a Methodist one。  The street was crowded with rough�察�
savage´looking men。  ;Is this the way to Merthyr Tydvil�拭─�said I to 
one。

;Yes� ─�bawled the fellow at the utmost stretch of his voice。

;Thank you� ─�said I�察�taking off my hat and passing on。

Forward I went�察�up hill and down dale。  Night now set in。  I passed 
a grove of trees and presently came to a collection of small houses 
at the bottom of a little hollow。  Hearing a step near me I stopped 
and said in Welsh�此  �How far to Merthyr Tydvil�拭�

;Dim Cumrag�察�sir� ─�said a voice�察�seemingly that of a man。

;Good night� ─�said I�察�and without staying to put the question in 
English�察�I pushed on up an ascent�察�and was presently amongst trees。  
Heard for a long time the hooting of an owl or rather the frantic 
hollo。  Appeared to pass by where the bird had its station。  Toiled 
up an acclivity and when on the top stood still and looked around 
me。  There was a glow on all sides in the heaven�察�except in the 
north´east quarter。  Striding on I saw a cottage on my left hand�察�
and standing at the door the figure of a woman。  ;How far to 
Merthyr�拭─�said I in Welsh。

;Tair milltir ´ three miles�察�sir。;

Turning round a corner at the top of a hill I saw blazes here and 
there�察�and what appeared to be a glowing mountain in the south´
east。  I went towards it down a descent which continued for a long�察�
long way�察�so great was the light cast by the blazes and that 
wonderful glowing object�察�that I could distinctly see the little 
stones upon the road。  After walking about half´an´hour�察�always 
going downwards�察�I saw a house on my left hand and heard a noise of 
water opposite to it。  It was a pistyll。  I went to it�察�drank 
greedily�察�and then hurried on。  More and more blazes�察�and the 
glowing object looking more terrible than ever。  It was now above 
me at some distance to the left�察�and I could see that it was an 
immense quantity of heated matter like lava�察�occupying the upper 
and middle parts of a hill�察�and descending here and there almost to 
the bottom in a zigzag and tortuous manner。  Between me and the 
hill of the burning object lay a deep ravine。  After a time I came 
to a house�察�against the door of which a man was leaning。  ;What is 
all that burning stuff above�察�my friend�拭�

;Dross from the iron forges�察�sir� �

I now perceived a valley below me full of lights�察�and descending 
reached houses and a tramway。  I had blazes now all around me。  I 
went through a filthy slough�察�over a bridge�察�and up a street�察�from 
which dirty lanes branched off on either side�察�passed throngs of 
savage´looking people talking clamorously�察�shrank from addressing 
any of them�察�and finally�察�undirected�察�found myself before the 
Castle Inn at Merthyr Tydvil。



CHAPTER CIV



Iron and Coal ´ The Martyred Princess ´ Cyfartha Fawr ´ Diabolical 
Structure。


MERTHYR TYDVIL is situated in a broad valley through which roll the 
waters of the Taf。  It was till late an inconsiderable village�察�but 
is at present the greatest mining place in Britain�察�and may be 
called with much propriety the capital of the iron and coal。

It bears the name of Merthyr Tydvil�察�which signifies the Martyr 
Tydvil�察�because in the old time a Christian British princess was 
slain in the locality which it occupies。  Tydvil was the daughter 
of Brychan�察�Prince of Brecon�察�surnamed Brycheiniawg�察�or the 
Breconian�察�who flourished in the fifth century and was a 
contemporary of Hengist。  He was a man full of Christian zeal�察�and 
a great preacher of the Gospel�察�and gave his children�察�of which he 
had many�察�both male and female�察�by various wives�察�an education 
which he hoped would not only make them Christians�察�but enable them 
to preach the Gospel to their countrymen。  They proved themselves 
worthy of his care�察�all of them without one exception becoming 
exemplary Christians�察�and useful preachers。  In his latter days he 
retired to a hermitage in Glamorganshire near the Taf�察�and passed 
his time in devotion�察�receiving occasionally visits from his 
children。  Once�察�when he and several of them�察�amongst whom was 
Tydvil�察�were engaged in prayer�察�a band of heathen Saxons rushed in 
upon them and slew Tydvil with three of her brothers。  Ever since 
that time the place has borne the name of Martyr Tydvil。 ��21��

The Taf�察�which runs to the south of Merthyr�察�comes down from 
Breconshire�察�and enters the Bristol Channel at Cardiff�察�a place the 
name of which in English is the city on the Taf。  It is one of the 
most beautiful of rivers�察�but is not navigable on account of its 
numerous shallows。  The only service which it renders to commerce 
is feeding a canal which extends from Merthyr to Cardiff。  It is 
surprising how similar many of the Welsh rivers are in name�此 �Taf�察�
Tawey�察�Towey�察�Teivi�察�and Duffy differ but very little in sound。  
Taf and Teivi have both the same meaning�察�namely a tendency to 
spread out。  The other names�察�though probably expressive of the 
properties or peculiarities of the streams to which they 
respectively belong�察�I know not how to translate。

The morning of the fourteenth was very fine。  After breakfast I 
went to see the Cyfartha Fawr iron works�察�generally considered to 
be the great wonder of the place。  After some slight demur I 
obtained permission from the superintendent to inspect them。  I was 
attended by an intelligent mechanic。  What shall I say about the 
Cyfartha Fawr�拭 �I had best say but very little。  I saw enormous 
furnaces。  I saw streams of molten metal。  I saw a long ductile 
piece of red´hot iron being operated upon。  I saw millions of 
sparks flying about。  I saw an immense wheel impelled round with 
frightful velocity by a steam´engine of two hundred and forty horse 
power。  I heard all kinds of dreadful sounds。  The general effect 
was stunning。  These works belong to the Crawshays�察�a family 
distinguished by a strange kind of eccentricity�察�but also by genius 
and enterprising spirit�察�and by such a strict feeling of honour 
that it is a common saying that the word of any one of them is as 
good as the bond of other people。

After seeing the Cyfartha I roamed about�察�making general 
observations。  The mountain of dross which had startled me on the 
preceding night with its terrific glare�察�and which stands to the 
north´west of the town�察�looked now nothing more than an immense 
dark heap of cinders。  It is only when the shades of night have 
settled down that the fire within manifests itself�察�making the hill 
appear an immense glowing mass。  All the hills around the town�察�
some of which are very high�察�have a scorched and blackened look。  
An old Anglesea bard�察�rather given to bombast�察�wishing to extol the 
abundant cheer of his native isle said�此  �The hills of Ireland are 
blackened by the smoke from the kitchens of Mona。;  With much more 
propriety might a bard of the banks of the Taf�察�who should wish to 
apologise for the rather smutty appearance of his native vale 
exclaim�此  �The hills around the Taf once so green are blackened by 
the smoke from the chimneys of Merthyr。;  The town is large and 
populous。  The inhabitants for the most part are Welsh�察�and Welsh 
is the language generally spoken�察�though all have some knowledge of 
English。  The houses are in general low and mean�察�and built of 
rough grey stone。  Merthyr�察�however�察�can show several remarkable 
edifices�察�though of a gloomy horrid Satanic character。  There is 
the hall of the Iron�察�with its arches�察�from whence proceeds 
incessantly a thundering noise of hammers。  Then there is an 
edifice at the foot of a mountain�察�half way up the side of which is 
a blasted forest and on the top an enormous crag。  A truly 
wonderful edifice it is�察�such as Bos would have imagined had he 
wanted to paint the palace of Satan。  There it stands�此 �a house of 
reddish brick with a slate roof ´ four horrid black towers behind�察�
two of them belching forth smoke and flame from their tops ´ holes 
like pigeon holes here and there ´ two immense white chimneys 
standing by themselves。  What edifice can that be of such strange 
mad details�拭�I ought to have put that question to some one in 
Tydvil�察�but did not�察�though I stood staring at the diabolical 
structure with my mouth open。  It is of no use putting the question 
to myself here。

After strolling about for some two hours with my hands in my 
pockets�察�I returned to my inn�察�called for a glass of ale�察�paid my 
reckoning�察�flung my satchel over my shoulder�察�and departed。



CHAPTER CV



Start for Caerfili ´ Johanna Colgan ´ Alms´Giving ´ The Monstrous 
Female ´ The Evil Prayer ´ The Next Day ´ The Aifrionn ´ Unclean 
Spirits ´ Expectation ´ Wreaking Vengeance ´ A decent Alms。


I LEFT Merthyr about twelve
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