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While¡¡all¡¡biplanes¡¡are¡¡of¡¡the¡¡same¡¡general¡¡construction
so¡¡far¡¡as¡¡the¡¡main¡¡planes¡¡are¡¡concerned£»¡¡each¡¡aviator
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are¡¡no¡¡partitions¡¡between¡¡the¡¡main¡¡planes£»¡¡and¡¡the
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Voisin£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡contrary£»¡¡divides¡¡the¡¡main¡¡planes¡¡with
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tail¡¡with¡¡vertical¡¡rudder¡¡at¡¡the¡¡rear£»¡¡also¡¡the¡¡bicycle
wheels¡£
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CHAPTER¡¡V¡£
CONSTRUCTING¡¡A¡¡GLIDING¡¡MACHINE¡£
First¡¡decide¡¡upon¡¡the¡¡kind¡¡of¡¡a¡¡machine¡¡you¡¡want
monoplane£»¡¡biplane£»¡¡or¡¡triplane¡£¡¡For¡¡a¡¡novice¡¡the¡¡biplane
will£»¡¡as¡¡a¡¡rule£»¡¡be¡¡found¡¡the¡¡most¡¡satisfactory¡¡as
it¡¡is¡¡more¡¡compact¡¡and¡¡therefore¡¡the¡¡more¡¡easily¡¡handled¡£
This¡¡will¡¡be¡¡easily¡¡understood¡¡when¡¡we¡¡realize¡¡that¡¡the
surface¡¡of¡¡a¡¡flying¡¡machine¡¡should¡¡be¡¡laid¡¡out¡¡in¡¡proportion
to¡¡the¡¡amount¡¡of¡¡weight¡¡it¡¡will¡¡have¡¡to¡¡sustain¡£
The¡¡generally¡¡accepted¡¡rule¡¡is¡¡that¡¡152¡¡square¡¡feet¡¡of
surface¡¡will¡¡sustain¡¡the¡¡weight¡¡of¡¡an¡¡average¡sized¡¡man£»
say¡¡170¡¡pounds¡£¡¡Now¡¡it¡¡follows¡¡that¡¡if¡¡these¡¡152¡¡square
feet¡¡of¡¡surface¡¡are¡¡used¡¡in¡¡one¡¡plane£»¡¡as¡¡in¡¡the¡¡monoplane£»
the¡¡length¡¡and¡¡width¡¡of¡¡this¡¡plane¡¡must¡¡be¡¡greater
than¡¡if¡¡the¡¡same¡¡amount¡¡of¡¡surface¡¡is¡¡secured¡¡by¡¡using
two¡¡planesthe¡¡biplane¡£¡¡This¡¡results¡¡in¡¡the¡¡biplane
being¡¡more¡¡compact¡¡and¡¡therefore¡¡more¡¡readily¡¡manipulated
than¡¡the¡¡monoplane£»¡¡which¡¡is¡¡an¡¡important¡¡item
for¡¡a¡¡novice¡£
Glider¡¡the¡¡Basis¡¡of¡¡Success¡£
Flying¡¡machines¡¡without¡¡motors¡¡are¡¡called¡¡gliders¡£¡¡In
making¡¡a¡¡flying¡¡machine¡¡you¡¡first¡¡construct¡¡the¡¡glider¡£
If¡¡you¡¡use¡¡it¡¡in¡¡this¡¡form¡¡it¡¡remains¡¡a¡¡glider¡£¡¡If¡¡you
install¡¡a¡¡motor¡¡it¡¡becomes¡¡a¡¡flying¡¡machine¡£¡¡You¡¡must
have¡¡a¡¡good¡¡glider¡¡as¡¡the¡¡basis¡¡of¡¡a¡¡successful¡¡flying
machine¡£
It¡¡will¡¡be¡¡well¡¡for¡¡the¡¡novice£»¡¡the¡¡man¡¡who¡¡has¡¡never
had¡¡any¡¡experience¡¡as¡¡an¡¡aviator£»¡¡to¡¡begin¡¡with¡¡a¡¡glider
and¡¡master¡¡its¡¡construction¡¡and¡¡operation¡¡before¡¡he
essays¡¡the¡¡more¡¡pretentious¡¡task¡¡of¡¡handling¡¡a¡¡fully¡
equipped¡¡flying¡¡machine¡£¡¡In¡¡fact£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡essential¡¡that¡¡he
should¡¡do¡¡so¡£
Plans¡¡for¡¡Handy¡¡Glider¡£
A¡¡glider¡¡with¡¡a¡¡spread¡¡£¨advancing¡¡edge£©¡¡of¡¡20¡¡feet£»¡¡and
a¡¡breadth¡¡or¡¡depth¡¡of¡¡4¡¡feet£»¡¡will¡¡be¡¡about¡¡right¡¡to¡¡begin
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Remember¡¡that¡¡in¡¡referring¡¡to¡¡flying¡¡machine¡¡measurements
¡¨spread¡¨¡¡takes¡¡the¡¡place¡¡of¡¡what¡¡would¡¡ordinarily
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Thus£»¡¡a¡¡glider¡¡is¡¡spoken¡¡of¡¡as¡¡being¡¡20¡¡feet¡¡spread£»¡¡and
4¡¡feet¡¡in¡¡depth¡£¡¡So¡¡far¡¡as¡¡mastering¡¡the¡¡control¡¡of¡¡the
machine¡¡is¡¡concerned£»¡¡learning¡¡to¡¡balance¡¡one's¡¡self¡¡in
the¡¡air£»¡¡guiding¡¡the¡¡machine¡¡in¡¡any¡¡desired¡¡direction¡¡by
changing¡¡the¡¡position¡¡of¡¡the¡¡body£»¡¡etc¡££»¡¡all¡¡this¡¡may¡¡be
learned¡¡just¡¡as¡¡readily£»¡¡and¡¡perhaps¡¡more¡¡so£»¡¡with¡¡a¡¡20¡
foot¡¡glider¡¡than¡¡with¡¡a¡¡larger¡¡apparatus¡£
Kind¡¡of¡¡Material¡¡Required¡£
There¡¡are¡¡three¡¡all¡important¡¡features¡¡in¡¡flying¡¡machine
construction£»¡¡viz¡££º¡¡lightness£»¡¡strength¡¡and¡¡extreme
rigidity¡£¡¡Spruce¡¡is¡¡the¡¡wood¡¡generally¡¡used¡¡for¡¡glider
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weight¡¡is¡¡essential£»¡¡the¡¡difference¡¡is¡¡largely¡¡in¡¡favor¡¡of
spruce¡£¡¡This¡¡will¡¡be¡¡seen¡¡in¡¡the¡¡following¡¡table£º
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Weight¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Tensile¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Compressive
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Hickory¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡53¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡12£»000¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡8£»500
Oak¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡50¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡12£»000¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡9£»000
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